Re: ARLA/CLUSTER: Designação Oficial dos Modos de Emissão D-Star pela UIT.

Quarta-Feira, 14 de Maio de 2008 - 17:51:20 WEST

 APPENDIX 1

Classification of emissions and necessary bandwidths

*(See ARTICLE 2 <http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/art02.htm>) *

§ 1. (1) Emissions <http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/art01.htm#S1.138> shall
be designated according to their necessary bandwidth and their
classification as explained in this Appendix..

(2) Formulae and examples of emissions designated in accordance with this
Appendix are given in Recommendation ITU-R
SM.1138<http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/sm1138.htm>.
Further examples may be provided in other ITU-R Recommendations. These
examples may also be published in the Preface to the International Frequency
List.
------------------------------

*Section I - Necessary Bandwidth*

§ 2. 1) The *necessary bandwidth*, as defined in No.*
1.152<http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/art01.htm#1.152>
* and determined in accordance with formulae and examples, shall be
expressed by three numerals and one letter. The letter occupies the position
of the decimal point and represents the unit of bandwidth. The first
character shall be neither zero nor K, M or G.

2) Necessary bandwidths 1:

between 0.001 and 999 Hz shall be expressed in Hz (letter H);

between 1.00 and 999 kHz shall be expressed in kHz (letter K);

between 1.00 and 999 MHz shall be expressed in MHz (letter M);

between 1.00 and 999 GHz shall be expressed in GHz (letter G).

1 Examples:
  0.002 Hz = H002 6 kHz = 6K00 1.25 MHz = 1M25 0.1 Hz = H100 12.5 kHz = 12K5
2 MHz = 2M00 25.3 Hz = 25H3 180.4 kHz = 180K 10 MHz = 10M0  400 Hz = 400H 180.5
kHz = 181K 202 MHz = 202M 2.4 kHz = 2K40 180.7 kHz = 181K 5.65 GHz = 5G65

3) For the full designation of an emission, the necessary bandwidth,
indicated in four characters, shall be added just before the classification
symbols. When used, the necessary bandwidth shall be determined by one of
the following methods:

 3.1) use of the formulae and examples of necessary bandwidths and
designation of corresponding emissions given in Recommendation ITU-R
SM.1138;

3.2) computation, in accordance with other ITU-R Recommendations;

3.3) measurement, in cases not covered by § 3.1) or 3.2) above.

*

*

*Section II - Classification*

§ 3. The class of emission is a set of characteristics conforming to § 4
below.

§ 4 Emissions shall be classified and symbolized according to their basic
characteristics as given in Sub-Section IIA and any optional additional
characteristics as provided for in Sub-Section IIB.

§ 5 The basic characteristics (see Sub-Section IIA) are:

1) first symbol <http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm#First symbol> -
type of modulation of the main carrier;

2) second symbol <http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm#Second symbol> -
nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier;

3) third symbol <http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm#Third symbol> -
type of information to be transmitted.

Modulation used only for short periods and for incidental purposes (such as,
in many cases, for identification or calling) may be ignored provided that
the necessary bandwidth as indicated is not thereby increased.

*Sub-Section IIA – Basic characteristics*

*§ 6. 1) First symbol - type of modulation of the main carrier *
  1.1 Emission of an unmodulated carrier N *N* 1.2 Emission in which the
main carrier is amplitude-modulated (including cases where sub-carriers are
angle-modulated)  1.2.1 Double-sideband *A* 1.2.2 Single-sideband, full
carrier *H* 1.2.3 Single-sideband, reduced or variable level carrier *R*
1.2.4 Single-sideband, suppressed carrier *J* 1.2.5 Independent sidebands *B
* 1.2.6 Vestigial sideband *C* 1.3 Emission in which the main carrier is
anglemodulated  1.3.1 Frequency modulation *F* 1.3.2 Phase modulation *G*
1.4 Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude- and angle-modulated
either simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence *D* 1.5 Emission of
pulses *2*  1.5.1 Sequence of unmodulated pulses *P* 1.5.2 A sequence of
pulses  1.5.2.1 modulated in amplitude *K* 1.5.2.2 modulated in
width/duration *L* 1.5.2.3 modulated in position/phase *M* 1.5.2.4 in which
the carrier is angle-modulated during the period of the pulse *Q* 1.5.2.5 which
is a combination of the foregoing or is produced by other means *V* 1.6 Cases
not covered above, in which an emission consists of the main carrier
modulated, either simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence, in a
combination of two or more of the following modes: amplitude, angle, pulse *
W* 1.7 Cases not otherwise covered *X*

*2* Emissions where the main carrier is directly modulated by a signal which
has been coded into quantized form (e.g. pulse code modulation) should be
designated under § 1.2) or 1.3).

*2) Second symbol - nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier *
  2.1 No modulating signal *0* 2.2 A single channel containing quantized or
digital information without the use of a modulating sub-carrier*3* *1* 2.3 A
single channel containing quantized or digital information with the use of a
modulating sub-carrier*3 * *2* 2.4 A single channel containing analogue
information *3* 2.5 Two or more channels containing quantized or digital
information *7* 2.6 Two or more channels containing analogue information *8*
2.7 Composite system with one or more channels containing quantized or
digital information, together with one or more channels containing analogue
information *8* 2.8 Cases not otherwise covered *X*

*3* This excludes time-division multiplex.

*3) Third symbol - type of information to be transmitted 4*
  3.1 No information transmitted *N* 3.2 Telegraphy - for aural reception *A
* 3.3 Telegraphy - for automatic reception *B* 3.4 Facsimile *C* 3.5 Data
transmission, telemetry, telecommand *D* 3.6 Telephony (including sound
broadcasting) *E* 3.7 Television (video) *F* 3.8 Combination of the above *W
* 3.9 Cases not otherwise covered *X*

*4* In this context the word "information" does not include information of a
constant, unvarying nature such as is provided by standard frequency
emissions, continuous wave and pulse radars, etc.

*

Sub-Section IIB – Optional characteristics for the classification of
emissions*

§ 7 Two optional characteristics should be added for a more complete
description of an emission. These are:

*Fourth symbol* <http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm#Fourth symbol> -
Details of signal(s)

*Fifth symbol* <http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm#Fifth symbol> -
Nature of multiplexing

Where the fourth or fifth symbol is used it shall be as indicated below.

Where the fourth or the fifth symbol is not used this should be indicated by
a dash where each symbol would otherwise appear.

*1) Fourth symbol - Details of signal(s)*
  1.1 Two-condition code with elements of differing numbers and/or durations
*A* 1.2 Two-condition code with elements of the same number and duration
without error-correction *B * 1.3 Two-condition code with elements of the
same number and duration with error-correction *C* 1.4 Four-condition code
in which each condition represents a signal element (or one or more bits) *D
* 1.5 Multi-condition code in which each condition represents a signal
element (of one or more bits) *E* 1.6 Multi-condition code in which each
condition or combination of conditions represents a character *F* 1.7 Sound
of broadcasting quality (monophonic) *G* 1.8 Sound of broadcasting quality
(stereophonic or quadraphonic) *H* 1.9 Sound of commercial quality
(excluding categories given in sub-paragraphs 1.10 and 1.11) *J* 1.10 Sound
of commercial quality with the use of frequency inversion or band-splitting
*K* 1.11 Sound of commercial quality with separate frequency-modulated
signals to control the level of demodulated signal *L* 1.12 Monochrome *M*
1.13 Colour *N* 1.14 Combination of the above *W* 1.15 Cases not otherwise
covered *X*

*2. Fifth symbol - Nature of multiplexing*
  2.1 None *N* 2.2 Code-division multiplex *5* *C* 2.3 Frequency-division
multiplex *F* 2.4 Time-division multiplex *T* 2.5 Combination of
frequency-division multiplex and time-division multiplex *W* 2.6 Other types
of multiplexing *X*

*5  *This includes bandwith expansion techniques.
------------------------------
PART B

*Determination of Necessary Bandwidths Including Examples
for their Calculation and Associated Examples
for the Designation of Emissions*

For the full designation of an emission, the necessary bandwidth, indicated
in four characters, shall be added just before the classification symbols.
When used, the necessary bandwidth shall be determined by one of the
following methods:

1) use of the formulae included in the following table which also gives
examples of necessary bandwidths and designation of corresponding emissions;

2) computation in accordance with ITU-R Recommendations1 ;

3) measurement, in cases not covered by 1) or 2) above.

However, the necessary bandwidth so determined is not the only
characteristic of an emission to be considered in evaluating the
interference that may be caused by that emission.

In the formulation of the table, the following terms have been employed:

*Bn* = Necessary bandwidth in hertz

*B* = Modulation rate in bauds

*N* = Maximum possible number of black plus white elements to be transmitted
per second, in facsimile

*M* = Maximum modulation frequency in hertz

*C* = Sub-carrier frequency in hertz

*D* = Peak deviation, i.e., half the difference between the maximum and
minimum values of the instantaneous frequency. The instantaneous frequency
in hertz is the time rate of change in phase in radians divided by 2 *pi*

*t* = Pulse duration in seconds at half-amplitude

*tr* = Pulse rise time in seconds between 10% and 90% amplitude

*K* = An overall numerical factor which varies according to the emission and
which depends upon the allowable signal distortion

*Nc* = Number of baseband channels in radio systems employing multi-channel
multiplexing

*fp* = Continuity pilot sub-carrier frequency (Hz) (continuous signal
utilized to verify performance of frequency-division multiplex systems).

   *Description of Emission * *Necessary Bandwidth * *Designation of
Emission* *Formula* *Sample Calculation * *I. NO MODULATING SIGNAL * Continuous
wave
emission - - *NONE* *II. AMPLITUDE MODULATION * *1. Signal with Quantized or
Digital Information * Continuous wave telegraphy,
Morse code *Bn* = *BK
K* = 5 for fading circuits
*K* = 3 for nonfading circuits 25 words per minute;
*B* = 20, *K* = 5
Bandwidth:
100 Hz *100HA1AAN* Telegraphy by
on-off keying of
a tone modulated
carrier, Morse code *Bn* = *BK* + 2*M
K* = 5 for fading circuits
*K* = 3 for nonfading circuits 25 words per minute;
*B* = 20, *M* = 1 000,
*K* = 5
Bandwidth:
2 100 Hz
= 2.1 kHz *2K10A2AAN * Selective calling signal using sequential
single frequency code, single-sideband full carrier *Bn* = *M* Maximum code
frequency is:
2 110 Hz
*M* = 2 110
Bandwidth:
2 110 Hz
= 2.11 kHz *2K11H2BFN * Direct-printing telegraphy using a frequency shifted
modulating sub-carrier, with error-correction, single-sideband, suppressed
carrier
(single channel) *Bn* = 2*M* + 2*DK*
*M=B/2* *B* = 50
*D* = 35 Hz (70 Hz shift)
*K* = 1.2
Bandwidth:
134 Hz *134HJ2BCN * Telegraphy, multichannel with voice frequency,
errorcorrection,
some channels are timedivision multiplexed, singlesideband,
reduced carrier *Bn* = highest central frequency + *M* + *DK*
*M=B/2* 15 channels;
highest central frequency is:
2 805 Hz
*B* = 100
*D* = 42.5 Hz
(85 Hz shift)
*K* = 0.7
Bandwidth:
2 885 Hz
= 2.885 kHz *2K89R7BCW * *2. Telephony (Commercial Quality) * Telephony,
doublesideband
(single channel) *Bn* = 2*M* *M* = 3 000
Bandwidth:
6 000 Hz
= 6 kHz *6K00A3EJN* Telephony, singlesideband,
full carrier
(single channel) *Bn* = *M* *M* = 3 000
Bandwidth:
3 000 Hz
= 3 kHz *3K00H3EJN* Telephony, singlesideband,
suppressed carrier (single channel) *Bn* = *M* -
lowest modulation frequency *M* = 3 000
lowest modulation frequency is 300 Hz
Bandwidth:
2 700 Hz
= 2.7 kHz *2K70J3EJN * Telephony with separate frequency modulated signal to
control the level of demodulated speech signal, single-sideband, reduced
carrier (Lincompex) (single channel) *Bn* = *M* Maximum control frequency is
2 990 Hz
*M* = 2 990
Bandwidth:
2 990 Hz
= 2.99 kHz *2K99R3ELN * Telephony with privacy, single-sideband, suppressed
carrier
(two or more channels) *Bn* = *Nc M* -
lowest modulation frequency
in the lowest channel *Nc* = 2
*M* = 3 000
lowest modulation frequency is 250 Hz
Bandwidth:
5 750 Hz
= 5.75 kHz *5K75J8EKF * Telephony, independent sideband
(two or more channels) *Bn* = sum of *M* for each sideband 2 channels
*M* = 3 000
Bandwidth:
6 000 Hz
= 6 kHz *6K00B8EJN* *Description of Emission * *Necessary Bandwidth *
*Designation
of Emission* *Formula* *Sample Calculation * *3. Sound Broadcasting * Sound
broadcasting, double-sideband *Bn* = 2*M
M* may vary between
4 000 and 10 000 depending on the quality desired Speech and music,
*M* = 4 000
Bandwidth:
8 000 Hz
= 8 kHz *8K00A3EGN* Sound broadcasting, single-sideband,
reduced carrier
(single channel) *Bn* = *M
M* may vary between
4 000 and 10 000 depending on the quality desired Speech and music,
*M* = 4 000
Bandwidth:
4 000 Hz
= 4 kHz *4K00R3EGN* Sound broadcasting, single-sideband, suppressed carrier
*Bn* = *M* - lowest modulation frequency Speech and music,
*M* = 4 500
lowest modulation frequency = 50 Hz;
Bandwidth:
4 450 Hz
= 4.45 kHz *4K45J3EGN * *4. Television * Television,
vision and sound Refer to relevant ITU-R documents for the bandwidths of the
commonly used television systems Number of lines = 625;
Nominal video bandwidth: 5 MHz
Sound carrier relative to video carrier = 5.5 MHz;
Total vision bandwidth: 6.25 MHz;
FM sound bandwidth including guardbands: 750 kHz
RF channel bandwidth: 7 MHz *6M25C3F --

750KF3EGN * *5. Facsimile * Analogue facsimile
by sub-carrier
frequency modulation
of a single-sideband emission with reduced carrier, monochrome *Bn* =
*C* +* N/2 *+ *DK
K* = 1.1 (typically) *N* = 1 100
corresponding to an
index of cooperation of 352 and a cycler rotation speed of 60 rpm. Index of
cooperation is the product of the drum diameter and number of lines per unit
length.
*C* = 1 900 *D* = 400 Hz
Bandwidth:
2 890 Hz
= 2.89 kHz *2K89R3CMN * Analogue facsimile; frequency modulation
of an audio frequency sub-carrier which modulates the main carrier, single-
sideband suppressed carrier *Bn* = 2*M* + 2*DK
M* =*N/2*
*K* = 1.1 (typically) *N* = 1 100
*D* = 400 Hz
Bandwidth:
1 980 Hz
= 1.98 kHz *1K98J3C --* *6. Composite Emissions * Double-sideband,
television relay *Bn* = 2*C* + 2*M *+ 2*D* Video limited to 5 MHz, audio on
6.5 MHz, frequency modulated
sub-carrier, sub-carrier deviation = 50 kHz:
*C* = 6.5 × 106
*D* = 50 × 103 Hz
*M* = 15 000
Bandwidth:
13.13 × 106 Hz
= 13.13 MHz
*13M1A8W -- * Double-sideband radio-relay system, frequency division
multiplex *Bn* = 2*M* 10 voice channels occupying baseband between 1 kHz and
164 kHz
*M* = 164 000
Bandwidth:
328 000 Hz
= 328 kHz *328KA8E -- * Double-sideband emission of VOR
with voice
(VOR = VHF omnidirectional
radio range) *Bn* = 2*Cmax
*+ 2*M* + 2*DK
K* = 1 (typically) The main carrier is modulated by:
- a 30 Hz sub-carrier
- a carrier resulting
from a 9 960 Hz tone frequency modulated by a 30 Hz tone
- a telephone channel
- a 1 020 Hz keyed
tone for continual Morse identification
*Cmax* = 9 960
*M* = 30
*D* = 480 Hz
Bandwidth:
20 940 Hz
= 20.94 kHz *20K9A9WWF * Independent sidebands; several telegraph channels
with
error-correction together with several telephone channels with privacy;
frequency division multiplex *Bn* = sum of
*M* for each sideband Normally composite systems are operated
in accordance with standardized channel arrangements
(e.g. CCIR Rec. 348-2).
3 telephone channels and 15 telegraphy channels require the bandwidth
12 000 Hz
= 12 kHz *12K0B9WWF * *Description of Emission * *Necessary Bandwidth
* *Designation
of Emission* *Formula* *Sample Calculation * *III-A. FREQUENCY MODULATION *
*1. Signal with Quantized or Digital Information * Telegraphy without
error-correction
(single channel) *
Bn* = 2*M* + 2*DK*

*M* = *B/2*

*K* = 1.2 (typically)
*B* = 100
*D* = 85 Hz
(170 Hz shift)
Bandwidth:
304 Hz *304HF1BBN * Telegraphy,
narrow-band directprinting with error-correction
(single channel) *
Bn* = 2*M* + 2*DK*

*M* = *B/2*

*K* = 1.2 (typically)
*B* = 100
*D* = 85 Hz
(170 Hz shift)
Bandwidth:
304 Hz *304HF1BCN * Selective calling
signal *
Bn* = 2*M* + 2*DK*

*M* = *B/2*

*K* = 1.2 (typically)
*B* = 100
*D* = 85 Hz
(170 Hz shift)
Bandwidth:
304 Hz *304HF1BCN * Four-frequency duplex telegraphy *
Bn* = 2*M* + 2*DK
B* = Modulation rate in bauds of the faster channel.
If the channels are synchronized:

*M* = *B/2*

(otherwise *M* = 2*B*)
*K* = 1.1 (typically)
Spacing between adjacent frequencies = 400 Hz;
Synchronized channels
*B* = 100
*M* = 50
*D* = 600 Hz
Bandwidth:
1 420 Hz
= 1.42 kHz *1K42F7BDX * *2. Telephony (Commercial Quality) * Commercial
telephony *Bn* = 2*M* + 2*DK
K* = 1
(typically, but under certain conditions a higher value may be necessary) For
an average case of commercial telephony,
*D* = 5 000 Hz
*M* = 3 000
Bandwidth:
16 000 Hz
= 16 kHz *16K0F3EJN * *3. Sound Broadcasting * Sound broadcasting *Bn* = 2*M
* + 2*DK
K* = 1 (typically) Monaural
*D* = 75 000 Hz
*M* = 15 000
Bandwidth:
180 000 Hz
= 180 kHz *180KF3EGN * *4. Facsimile * Facsimile by direct frequency
modulation
of the carrier;
black and white *
Bn* = 2*M* + 2*DK*

*M* = *N/2*

*K* = 1.1 (typically)
*N* = 1 100 elements/sec;
*D* = 400 Hz
Bandwidth:
1 980 Hz
= 1.98 kHz *1K98F1C --* Analogue facsimile *
Bn* = 2*M* + 2*DK*

*M* = *N/2*

*K* = 1.1 (typically)
*N* = 1 100 elements/sec;
*D* = 400 Hz
Bandwidth:
1 980 Hz
= 1.98 kHz *1K98F3C --* *5. Composite Emissions (see Table
III-B<http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm#III-B>)
* Radio-relay system, frequency division multiplex *Bn* = 2*fp* + 2*DK

K* = 1 (typically) 60 telephone channels occupying baseband between 60 kHz
and 300 kHz;
rms per-channel deviation: 200 kHz; continuity pilot at 331 kHz produces
100 kHz rms deviation of main carrier.
*D* = 200 × 103 × 3.76
× 2.02 = 1.52 × 106 Hz;

*fp* = 0.331 × 106 Hz;

Bandwidth:
3.702 × 106 Hz
= 3.702 MHz
*3M70F8EJF * Radio-relay system, frequency division multiplex *Bn* = 2*M* +
2*DK

K* = 1 (typically) 960 telephone channels occupying baseband between 60 kHz
and
4 028 kHz; rms perchannel deviation:
200 kHz;
continuity pilot at 4 715 kHz produces 140 kHz rms deviation
of main carrier.
*D* = 200 × 103 × 3.76
× 5.5 = 4.13 × 106 Hz;
*M* = 4.028 × 106;

*fp* = 4.715 × 106;
(2*M* + 2*DK*) > 2 *fp*

Bandwidth:
16.32 × 106 Hz
= 16.32 MHz
*16M3F8EJF * Radio-relay system, frequency division multiplex *Bn* = 2*fp* 600
telephone channels occupying baseband between 60 kHz and
2 540 kHz;
rms per-channel deviation: 200 kHz;
continuity pilot at 8 500 kHz produces 140 kHz rms deviation
of main carrier.
*D* = 200 × 103 × 3.76
× 4.36 = 3.28 × 106 Hz;
*M* = 2.54 × 106;
*K* = 1;

*fp* = 8.5 × 106;
(2*M* + 2*DK*) < 2 *fp*

Bandwidth:
17 × 106 Hz = 17 MHz
*17M0F8EJF * Stereophonic sound broadcasting with multiplexed subsidiary
telephony sub-carrier *Bn* = 2*M* + 2*DK

K* = 1 (typically) Pilot tone system;
*M* = 75 000
*D* = 75 000 Hz
Bandwidth:
300 000 Hz = 300 kHz *300KF8EHF *

   *III-B. MULTIPLYING FACTORS FOR USE IN COMPUTING D,
PEAK FREQUENCY DEVIATION, IN FM FREQUENCY DIVISION
MULTIPLEX (FM/FDM) MULTI-CHANNEL EMISSSIONS *
For FM/FDM systems the necessary bandwidth is:

*Bn* = 2*M* + 2*DK*

The value of *D*, or peak frequency deviation, in these formulae for *Bn *is
* *calculated by multiplying the rms value of per-channel deviation by the
appropriate "Multiplying factor" shown below.

In the case where a continuity pilot of frequency *fp* exists above the
maximum modulation frequency *M*, the general formula becomes:

*Bn* = 2*fp* + 2*DK*

In the case where the modulation index of the main carrier produced by the
pilot is less than 0.25, and the rms frequency deviation of the main carrier
produced by the pilot is less than or equal to 70% of the rms value of
per-channel deviation, the general formula becomes either

*Bn* = 2*fp* or *Bn* = 2*M* + 2*DK*

whichever is greater.
 Number of
telephone channels
*Nc* Multiplying factor 1  (peak factor) × antilog
value in dB above modulation reference level
________________________________
20
 3 < *Nc* < 12 4.47 × antilog
value in dB specified by the equipment manufacturer or station license,
subject to administration approval
________________________________
20
 12< *Nc* < 60 3.76 × antilog
2.6 + 2 log *Nc*
____________________
20

_______________

1 In the above chart, the multipliers 3.76 and 4.47 correspond to peak
factors of 11.5 dB and 13.0 dB, respectively.

   Number of
telephone channels
*Nc* Multiplying factor 1  (peak factor) × antilog
value in dB above modulation reference level
_______________________________
20
 60 < *Nc* < 240 3.76 × antilog
-1 + 4 log *Nc*
___________________
20
 *Nc* < 240 3.76 × antilog
-15 + 10 log *Nc*
____________________
20

_______________

1 In the above chart, the multiplier 3.76 corresponds to a peak factor of
11.5 dB.

   *Description of Emission * *Necessary Bandwidth * *Designation of
Emission* *Formula* *Sample Calculation * *IV. PULSE MODULATION * *1. Radar
* Unmodulated pulse emission *Bn* = *2K / t*

*K* depends upon the ratio of pulse duration to pulse rise time. Its value
usually
falls between 1and 10 and in many cases it does not need
to exceed 6
Primary Radar
Range resolution: 150 m
*K* = 1.5 (triangular pulse where *t* *tr, *only components down to 27 dB
from the strongest are considered)

Then:

Bandwidth:
3 × 106 Hz
= 3 MHz
*3M00P0NAN * *2. Composite Emissions * Radio-relay system *Bn* = *2K / t*
*K* = 1.6 Pulse position modulated by 36 voice channel baseband; pulse width
at half amplitude = 0.4 *m*s
Bandwidth:
8 × 106 Hz
= 8 MHz
(Bandwidth independent of the number of voice channels) *8M00M7EJT *
  ------------------------------

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2008/5/14 João Gonçalves Costa <joao.a.costa  ctt.pt>:

> Prezados Colegas,
>
> A designação oficial dos novos Modos de comunicação para emissões em
> D-Star, reconhecidas pela União Internacional das Telecomunicações (UIT /
> ITU), são as seguintes:
>
> Modo DV: 6K00F7W
> (modo DV (Voz Digital):6K00 = largura da faixa de sinal, 6KHz / F =
> Modulação de Frequência / 7 = Mais do que um canal contem informação digital
> / W = Combinação de diferentes tipos : voz, dados, etc)
>
> Modo DD: 150KF1D
> ((modo DD (Dados Digitais):150K = Largura da faixa de sinal, 150kHz / F =
> Modulação de Frequência / 1 = Somente um canal contem informação Digital /D
> = Transmissão de dados sem emprego de uma sub portadora modulante)
>
> O Modo DD somente poderá ser utilizado em 1,2 GHz.
>
>
> The ITU Emission Designation agreed system for classifying radio frequency
> signals.
>
> International Telecommunication Union uses an internationally agreed system
> for classifying radio frequency signals. Each type of radio emission is
> classified according to its bandwidth, method of modulation, nature of the
> modulating signal, and type of information transmitted on the carrier
> signal. It is based on characteristics of the signal, not on the transmitter
> used.
>
> An emission designation is of the form BBBB 123 45, where BBBB is the
> bandwidth of the signal, 1 is a letter indicating the type of modulation
> used, 2 is a digit representing the type of modulating signal, 3 is a letter
> corresponding to the type of information transmitted, 4 is a letter
> indicating the practical details of the transmitted information, and 5 is a
> letter that represents the method of multiplexing. The 4 and 5 fields are
> optional.
>
>
> [BBBB] Bandwidth
> The bandwidth is expressed as three digits and a letter that occupies the
> position normally used for a decimal point. The letter indicates what unit
> of frequency is used to express the bandwidth. H indicates hertz, K
> indicates kilohertz, M indicates megahertz, and G indicates gigahertz. For
> instance, "500H" means 500 Hz, and "2M50" means 2.5 MHz.
>
> [1] Type of modulation
> N       Unmodulated carrier
> A       Double-sideband amplitude modulation (e.g. AM broadcast radio)
> H       Single-sideband with full carrier (e.g. as used by CHU)
> R       Single-sideband with reduced or variable carrier
> J       Single-sideband with suppressed carrier (e.g. Shortwave utility and
> amateur stations)
> B       Independent sideband (two sidebands containing different signals)
> C       Vestigial sideband (e.g. NTSC)
> F       Frequency modulation (e.g. FM broadcast radio)
> G       Phase modulation
> D       Combination of AM and FM or PM
> P       Sequence of pulses without modulation
> K       Pulse amplitude modulation
> L       Pulse width modulation (e.g. as used by WWVB)
> M       Pulse position modulation
> Q       Sequence of pulses, phase or frequency modulation within each pulse
> V       Combination of pulse modulation methods
> W       Combination of any of the above
> X       None of the above
>
> [2]Type of modulating signal
> 0       No modulating signal
> 1       One channel containing digital information, no subcarrier
> 2       One channel containing digital information, using a subcarrier
> 3       One channel containing analogue information
> 7       More than one channel containing digital information
> 8       More than one channel containing analogue information
> 9       Combination of analogue and digital channels
> X       None of the above
>
> [3]Type of transmitted information
> N       No transmitted information
> A       Aural telegraphy, intended to be decoded by ear, such as Morse code
> B       Electronic telegraphy, intended to be decoded by machine
> (Radioteletype digital modes)
> C       Facsimile (Still images)
> D       Telemetry or Telecommand (Remote control or data collection)
> E       Telephony (voice or music intended to be listened to by a human)
> F       Video (television signals)
> W       Combination of any of the above
> X       None of the above
>
> [4]Details of information
> A       Two-condition code, elements vary in quantity and duration
> B       Two-condition code, elements fixed in quantity and duration
> C       Two-condition code, elements fixed in quantity and duration,
> error-correction included
> D       Four-condition code, one condition per "signal element"
> E       Multi-condition code, one condition per "signal element"
> F       Multi-condition code, one character represented by one or more
> conditions
> G       Monophonic broadcast-quality sound
> H       Stereophonic or quadraphonic broadcast-quality sound
> J       Commercial-quality sound (non-broadcast)
> K       Commercial-quality sound-frequency inversion and-or
> "band-splitting" employed
> L       Commercial-quality sound, independent FM signals, such as pilot
> tones, used to control the demodulated signal
> M       Greyscale images or video
> N       Full-color images or video
> W       Combination of two or more of the above
> X       None of the above
>
> [5]Multiplexing
> N       None used
> C       Code-division (excluding spread spectrum)
> F       Frequency-division
> T       Time-division
> W       Combination of Frequency-division and Time-division
> X       None of the above
>
> João Costa
> CT1FBF
>
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>

-- 
CT2HIV
José A. Proença
IM58KP
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