<h1 align="center"><img height="40" src="http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/image/bradio.gif" width="500"> </h1>
<h2 align="center">APPENDIX 1 </h2>
<p> </p>
<h1 align="center">Classification of emissions and necessary bandwidths</h1>
<p align="center"><strong>(<a href="http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/art02.htm">See ARTICLE 2</a>) </strong></p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p align="left"> </p>
<p>§ 1. (1) <a href="http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/art01.htm#S1.138">Emissions</a> shall be designated according to their necessary bandwidth and their classification as explained in this Appendix.. </p>
<p>(2) Formulae and examples of emissions designated in accordance with this Appendix are given in <a href="http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/sm1138.htm">Recommendation ITU-R SM.1138</a>. Further examples may be provided in other ITU-R Recommendations. These examples may also be published in the Preface to the International Frequency List. </p>
<hr>
<p align="center"><b>Section I - Necessary <a name="Bandwidth">Bandwidth</a></b> </p>
<p>§ 2. 1) The <em>necessary bandwidth</em>, as defined in No.<b> <a href="http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/art01.htm#1.152">1.152</a></b> and determined in accordance with formulae and examples, shall be expressed by three numerals and one letter. The letter occupies the position of the decimal point and represents the unit of bandwidth. The first character shall be neither zero nor K, M or G. </p>
<p>2) Necessary bandwidths 1: </p>
<p>between 0.001 and 999 Hz shall be expressed in Hz (letter H); </p>
<p>between 1.00 and 999 kHz shall be expressed in kHz (letter K); </p>
<p>between 1.00 and 999 MHz shall be expressed in MHz (letter M); </p>
<p>between 1.00 and 999 GHz shall be expressed in GHz (letter G). </p>
<p>1 Examples: </p>
<table border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="250">0.002 Hz = H002</td>
<td valign="top" width="250">6<font color="#ffffff"> </font>kHz = 6K00</td>
<td valign="top" width="250">1.25 MHz = 1M25</td></tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="250">0.1<font color="#ffffff"> </font>Hz = H100</td>
<td valign="top" width="250">12.5 kHz = 12K5</td>
<td valign="top" width="250">2<font color="#ffffff"> </font>MHz = 2M00</td></tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="250">25.3<font color="#ffffff"> </font>Hz = 25H3</td>
<td valign="top" width="250">180.4 kHz = 180K</td>
<td valign="top" width="250">10 MHz = 10M0 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="250">400<font color="#ffffff"> </font>Hz = 400H</td>
<td valign="top" width="250">180.5 kHz = 181K</td>
<td valign="top" width="250">202<font color="#ffffff"> </font>MHz = 202M</td></tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="250">2.4 kHz = 2K40</td>
<td valign="top" width="250">180.7 kHz = 181K</td>
<td valign="top" width="250">5.65 GHz = 5G65 </td></tr></tbody></table>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p align="justify">3) For the full designation of an emission, the necessary bandwidth, indicated in four characters, shall be added just before the classification symbols. When used, the necessary bandwidth shall be determined by one of the following methods:</p>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p align="justify">3.1) use of the formulae and examples of necessary bandwidths and designation of corresponding emissions given in Recommendation ITU-R SM.1138;</p>
<p align="justify">3.2) computation, in accordance with other ITU-R Recommendations;</p>
<p align="justify">3.3) measurement, in cases not covered by § 3.1) or 3.2) above.</p>
<p align="justify"> </p><b></b></blockquote></blockquote>
<p align="center"><b>Section II - <a name="Classification">Classification</a></b> </p>
<p align="justify"> </p>
<p align="justify">§ 3. The class of emission is a set of characteristics conforming to § 4 below.</p>
<p align="justify">§ 4 Emissions shall be classified and symbolized according to their basic characteristics as given in Sub-Section IIA and any optional additional characteristics as provided for in Sub-Section IIB.</p>
<p align="justify">§ 5 The basic characteristics (see Sub-Section IIA) are:</p>
<p>1) <a href="http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm#First symbol">first symbol</a> - type of modulation of the main carrier; </p>
<p>2) <a href="http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm#Second symbol">second symbol</a> - nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier; </p>
<p>3) <a href="http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm#Third symbol">third symbol</a> - type of information to be transmitted. </p>
<p>Modulation used only for short periods and for incidental purposes (such as, in many cases, for identification or calling) may be ignored provided that the necessary bandwidth as indicated is not thereby increased.</p>
<p> </p>
<p align="center"><b>Sub-Section IIA – Basic characteristics</b></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>§ 6. 1) <a name="First symbol">First symbol</a> - type of modulation of the main carrier </strong></p>
<table border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.1</td>
<td width="620">Emission of an unmodulated carrier N </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>N</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.2</td>
<td width="620">Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude-modulated (including cases where sub-carriers are angle-modulated) </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.2.1</td>
<td width="620">Double-sideband</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>A</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.2.2</td>
<td width="620">Single-sideband, full carrier</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>H</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.2.3</td>
<td width="620">Single-sideband, reduced or variable level carrier</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>R</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.2.4</td>
<td width="620">Single-sideband, suppressed carrier</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>J</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.2.5</td>
<td width="620">Independent sidebands</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>B</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.2.6</td>
<td width="620">Vestigial sideband</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>C</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.3</td>
<td width="620">Emission in which the main carrier is anglemodulated </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.3.1</td>
<td width="620">Frequency modulation</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>F</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.3.2</td>
<td width="620">Phase modulation </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>G</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.4</td>
<td width="620">Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude- and angle-modulated either simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>D</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.5</td>
<td width="620">Emission of pulses <strong><small>2</small></strong></td>
<td align="middle" width="50"></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.5.1</td>
<td width="620">Sequence of unmodulated pulses</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>P</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.5.2</td>
<td width="620">A sequence of pulses </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50"><a href="http://1.5.2.1">1.5.2.1</a></td>
<td width="620">modulated in amplitude</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>K</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50"><a href="http://1.5.2.2">1.5.2.2</a></td>
<td width="620">modulated in width/duration</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>L</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50"><a href="http://1.5.2.3">1.5.2.3</a></td>
<td width="620">modulated in position/phase </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>M</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50"><a href="http://1.5.2.4">1.5.2.4</a></td>
<td width="620">in which the carrier is angle-modulated during the period of the pulse</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>Q</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50"><a href="http://1.5.2.5">1.5.2.5</a></td>
<td width="620">which is a combination of the foregoing or is produced by other means</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>V</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.6</td>
<td width="620">Cases not covered above, in which an emission consists of the main carrier modulated, either simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence, in a combination of two or more of the following modes: amplitude, angle, pulse</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>W</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.7</td>
<td width="620">Cases not otherwise covered</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>X</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p> </p>
<p><font size="2"><strong><small>2</small></strong> Emissions where the main carrier is directly modulated by a signal which has been coded into quantized form (e.g. pulse code modulation) should be designated under § 1.2) or 1.3). </font></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>2) <a name="Second symbol">Second symbol</a> - nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier </strong></p>
<table border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.1</td>
<td width="620">No modulating signal </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>0</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.2</td>
<td width="620">A single channel containing quantized or digital information without the use of a modulating sub-carrier<strong><small>3</small></strong> </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>1</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.3</td>
<td width="620">A single channel containing quantized or digital information with the use of a modulating sub-carrier<strong><small>3 </small></strong></td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>2</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.4</td>
<td width="620">A single channel containing analogue information</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>3</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.5</td>
<td width="620">Two or more channels containing quantized or digital information</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>7</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.6</td>
<td width="620">Two or more channels containing analogue information</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>8</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.7</td>
<td width="620">Composite system with one or more channels containing quantized or digital information, together with one or more channels containing analogue information</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>8</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.8</td>
<td width="620">Cases not otherwise covered</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>X</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p> </p>
<p><font size="2"><strong><small>3</small></strong> This excludes time-division multiplex. </font></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>3) <a name="Third symbol">Third symbol</a> - type of information to be transmitted <small><font size="2">4</font></small></strong></p>
<table border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="50">3.1</td>
<td width="620">No information transmitted</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>N</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">3.2</td>
<td width="620">Telegraphy - for aural reception</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>A</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">3.3</td>
<td width="620">Telegraphy - for automatic reception</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>B</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">3.4</td>
<td width="620">Facsimile </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>C</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">3.5</td>
<td width="620">Data transmission, telemetry, telecommand</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>D</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">3.6</td>
<td width="620">Telephony (including sound broadcasting)</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>E</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">3.7</td>
<td width="620">Television (video)</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>F</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">3.8</td>
<td width="620">Combination of the above</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>W</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">3.9</td>
<td width="620">Cases not otherwise covered</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>X</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p> </p>
<p><font size="2"><strong><small>4</small></strong> In this context the word "information" does not include information of a constant, unvarying nature such as is provided by standard frequency emissions, continuous wave and pulse radars, etc. </font></p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p align="center">Sub-Section IIB – Optional characteristics for the classification of emissions</p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p align="justify">§ 7 Two optional characteristics should be added for a more complete description of an emission. These are:</p>
<p><a href="http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm#Fourth symbol"><i>Fourth symbol</i></a> - Details of signal(s) </p>
<p><a href="http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm#Fifth symbol"><i>Fifth symbol</i></a> - Nature of multiplexing </p>
<p> </p>
<p align="justify">Where the fourth or fifth symbol is used it shall be as indicated below.</p>
<p align="justify">Where the fourth or the fifth symbol is not used this should be indicated by a dash where each symbol would otherwise appear.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>1) <a name="Fourth symbol">Fourth symbol</a> - Details of signal(s)</strong></p>
<table border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.1</td>
<td width="650">Two-condition code with elements of differing numbers and/or durations </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>A</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.2</td>
<td width="650">Two-condition code with elements of the same number and duration without error-correction </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>B </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.3</td>
<td width="650">Two-condition code with elements of the same number and duration with error-correction </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>C</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.4</td>
<td width="650">Four-condition code in which each condition represents a signal element (or one or more bits)</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>D</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">1.5</td>
<td width="650">Multi-condition code in which each condition represents a signal element (of one or more bits)</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>E</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.6</td>
<td>Multi-condition code in which each condition or combination of conditions represents a character</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>F</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.7</td>
<td>Sound of broadcasting quality (monophonic)</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>G</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>Sound of broadcasting quality (stereophonic or quadraphonic)</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>H</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.9</td>
<td>Sound of commercial quality (excluding categories given in sub-paragraphs 1.10 and 1.11)</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>J</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.10</td>
<td>Sound of commercial quality with the use of frequency inversion or band-splitting</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>K</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.11</td>
<td>Sound of commercial quality with separate frequency-modulated signals to control the level of demodulated signal</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>L</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.12</td>
<td>Monochrome</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>M</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.13</td>
<td>Colour</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>N</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.14</td>
<td>Combination of the above</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>W</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.15</td>
<td>Cases not otherwise covered</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>X</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>2. <a name="Fifth symbol">Fifth symbol</a> - Nature of multiplexing</strong></p>
<table border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.1</td>
<td width="650">None</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>N</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.2</td>
<td>Code-division multiplex <strong><small>5</small></strong> </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>C</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.3</td>
<td>Frequency-division multiplex </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>F</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.4</td>
<td>Time-division multiplex </td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>T</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.5</td>
<td>Combination of frequency-division multiplex and time-division multiplex</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>W</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">2.6</td>
<td>Other types of multiplexing</td>
<td align="middle" width="50"><strong>X</strong></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p> </p>
<p><font size="2"><strong><small>5 </small></strong>This includes bandwith expansion techniques.</font></p>
<hr>
<h1 align="center"><a name="PART B">PART B</a></h1>
<p align="center"><b>Determination of Necessary Bandwidths Including Examples<br>for their Calculation and Associated Examples<br>for the Designation of Emissions</b> </p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p>For the full designation of an emission, the necessary bandwidth, indicated in four characters, shall be added just before the classification symbols. When used, the necessary bandwidth shall be determined by one of the following methods: </p>
<p>1) use of the formulae included in the following table which also gives examples of necessary bandwidths and designation of corresponding emissions; </p>
<p>2) computation in accordance with ITU-R Recommendations1 ; </p>
<p>3) measurement, in cases not covered by 1) or 2) above. </p>
<p>However, the necessary bandwidth so determined is not the only characteristic of an emission to be considered in evaluating the interference that may be caused by that emission. </p>
<p>In the formulation of the table, the following terms have been employed: </p>
<p><i>Bn</i> = Necessary bandwidth in hertz </p>
<p><i>B</i> = Modulation rate in bauds </p>
<p><i>N</i> = Maximum possible number of black plus white elements to be transmitted per second, in facsimile </p>
<p><i>M</i> = Maximum modulation frequency in hertz </p>
<p><i>C</i> = Sub-carrier frequency in hertz </p>
<p><i>D</i> = Peak deviation, i.e., half the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the instantaneous frequency. The instantaneous frequency in hertz is the time rate of change in phase in radians divided by 2 <em>pi</em> </p>
<p><i>t</i> = Pulse duration in seconds at half-amplitude </p>
<p><i>tr</i> = Pulse rise time in seconds between 10% and 90% amplitude </p>
<p><i>K</i> = An overall numerical factor which varies according to the emission and which depends upon the allowable signal distortion </p>
<p><i>Nc</i> = Number of baseband channels in radio systems employing multi-channel multiplexing </p>
<p align="center"><i>fp</i> = Continuity pilot sub-carrier frequency (Hz) (continuous signal utilized to verify performance of frequency-division multiplex systems).</p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table bgcolor="#f9f8bd" border="3">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="2"><strong>Description of Emission </strong></td>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="2"><strong>Necessary Bandwidth </strong></td>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="2"><strong>Designation of Emission</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff"><strong>Formula</strong></td>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff"><strong>Sample Calculation </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>I. NO MODULATING SIGNAL </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Continuous wave<br>emission </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">-</td>
<td align="middle" width="187">- </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>NONE</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>II. AMPLITUDE MODULATION </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>1. Signal with Quantized or Digital Information </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Continuous wave telegraphy, <br>Morse code </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = <i>BK <br>K</i> = 5 for fading circuits <br><i>K</i> = 3 for nonfading circuits </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">25 words per minute; <br><i>B</i> = 20, <i>K</i> = 5 <br>Bandwidth:<br>100 Hz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>100HA1AAN</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Telegraphy by <br>on-off keying of <br>a tone modulated <br>carrier, Morse code </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = <i>BK</i> + 2<i>M <br>K</i> = 5 for fading circuits <br><i>K</i> = 3 for nonfading circuits </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">25 words per minute; <br><i>B</i> = 20, <i>M</i> = 1 000, <br><i>K</i> = 5 <br>Bandwidth:<br>2 100 Hz <br>= 2.1 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>2K10A2AAN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Selective calling signal using sequential <br>single frequency code, single-sideband full carrier </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = <i>M</i> </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Maximum code <br>frequency is:<br>2 110 Hz<br><i>M</i> = 2 110 <br>Bandwidth:<br>2 110 Hz <br>= 2.11 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>2K11H2BFN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Direct-printing telegraphy using a frequency shifted modulating sub-carrier, with error-correction, single-sideband, suppressed carrier <br>(single channel) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK</i> <br><em>M=B/2</em></td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>B</i> = 50<br><i>D</i> = 35 Hz (70 Hz shift) <br><i>K</i> = 1.2 <br>Bandwidth:<br>134 Hz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>134HJ2BCN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Telegraphy, multichannel with voice frequency, errorcorrection, <br>some channels are timedivision multiplexed, singlesideband, <br>reduced carrier </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = highest central frequency + <i>M</i> + <i>DK</i> <br><em>M=B/2</em></td>
<td align="middle" width="187">15 channels;<br>highest central frequency is:<br>2 805 Hz<br><i>B</i> = 100 <br><i>D</i> = 42.5 Hz <br>(85 Hz shift)<br><i>K</i> = 0.7 <br>Bandwidth:<br>2 885 Hz <br>= 2.885 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>2K89R7BCW </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>2. Telephony (Commercial Quality) </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Telephony, doublesideband <br>(single channel) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>M</i> = 3 000 <br>Bandwidth:<br>6 000 Hz <br>= 6 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>6K00A3EJN</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Telephony, singlesideband,<br>full carrier<br>(single channel) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = <i>M</i> </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>M</i> = 3 000 <br>Bandwidth:<br>3 000 Hz <br>= 3 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>3K00H3EJN</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Telephony, singlesideband,<br>suppressed carrier (single channel) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = <i>M</i> - <br>lowest modulation frequency </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>M</i> = 3 000 <br>lowest modulation frequency is 300 Hz<br>Bandwidth:<br>2 700 Hz <br>= 2.7 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>2K70J3EJN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Telephony with separate frequency modulated signal to control the level of demodulated speech signal, single-sideband, reduced carrier (Lincompex) (single channel) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = <i>M</i> </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Maximum control frequency is 2 990 Hz <br><i>M</i> = 2 990 <br>Bandwidth:<br>2 990 Hz <br>= 2.99 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>2K99R3ELN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Telephony with privacy, single-sideband, suppressed carrier <br>(two or more channels) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = <i>Nc M</i> - <br>lowest modulation frequency <br>in the lowest channel </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Nc</i> = 2 <br><i>M</i> = 3 000 <br>lowest modulation frequency is 250 Hz<br>Bandwidth:<br>5 750 Hz <br>= 5.75 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>5K75J8EKF </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Telephony, independent sideband <br>(two or more channels) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = sum of <i>M</i> for each sideband </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">2 channels <br><i>M</i> = 3 000 <br>Bandwidth:<br>6 000 Hz <br>= 6 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>6K00B8EJN</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="2"><strong>Description of Emission </strong></td>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="2"><strong>Necessary Bandwidth </strong></td>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="2"><strong>Designation of Emission</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff"><strong>Formula</strong></td>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff"><strong>Sample Calculation </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>3. Sound Broadcasting </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Sound broadcasting, double-sideband </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>M <br>M</i> may vary between <br>4 000 and 10 000 depending on the quality desired </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Speech and music, <br><i>M</i> = 4 000 <br>Bandwidth:<br>8 000 Hz <br>= 8 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>8K00A3EGN</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Sound broadcasting, single-sideband, <br>reduced carrier <br>(single channel) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = <i>M <br>M</i> may vary between <br>4 000 and 10 000 depending on the quality desired </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Speech and music, <br><i>M</i> = 4 000 <br>Bandwidth:<br>4 000 Hz <br>= 4 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>4K00R3EGN</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Sound broadcasting, single-sideband, suppressed carrier </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = <i>M</i> - lowest modulation frequency </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Speech and music, <br><i>M</i> = 4 500 <br>lowest modulation frequency = 50 Hz;<br>Bandwidth:<br>4 450 Hz <br>= 4.45 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>4K45J3EGN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>4. Television </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Television, <br>vision and sound </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Refer to relevant ITU-R documents for the bandwidths of the commonly used television systems </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Number of lines = 625;<br>Nominal video bandwidth: 5 MHz<br>Sound carrier relative to video carrier = 5.5 MHz; <br>Total vision bandwidth: 6.25 MHz;<br>FM sound bandwidth including guardbands: 750 kHz<br>
RF channel bandwidth: 7 MHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>6M25C3F --<br><br>750KF3EGN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>5. Facsimile </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Analogue facsimile <br>by sub-carrier <br>frequency modulation <br>of a single-sideband emission with reduced carrier, monochrome </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = <br><i>C</i> +<em> N/2 </em>+ <i>DK <br>K</i> = 1.1 (typically) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>N</i> = 1 100 <br>corresponding to an <br>index of cooperation of 352 and a cycler rotation speed of 60 rpm. Index of cooperation is the product of the drum diameter and number of lines per unit length.<br>
<i>C</i> = 1 900 <i>D</i> = 400 Hz <br>Bandwidth:<br>2 890 Hz <br>= 2.89 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>2K89R3CMN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Analogue facsimile; frequency modulation <br>of an audio frequency sub-carrier which modulates the main carrier, single-<br>sideband suppressed carrier </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK <br>M</i> =<em>N/2</em> <br><i>K</i> = 1.1 (typically) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>N</i> = 1 100 <br><i>D</i> = 400 Hz <br>Bandwidth:<br>1 980 Hz <br>= 1.98 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>1K98J3C --</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>6. Composite Emissions </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Double-sideband, television relay </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>C</i> + 2<i>M </i>+ 2<i>D</i> </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Video limited to 5 MHz, audio on 6.5 MHz, frequency modulated <br>sub-carrier, sub-carrier deviation = 50 kHz:<br><i>C</i> = 6.5 × 106 <br><i>D</i> = 50 × 103 Hz <br><i>M</i> = 15 000 <br>Bandwidth:<br>
13.13 × 106 Hz<br>= 13.13 MHz<br></td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>13M1A8W -- </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Double-sideband radio-relay system, frequency division multiplex </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">10 voice channels occupying baseband between 1 kHz and 164 kHz <br><i>M</i> = 164 000 <br>Bandwidth:<br>328 000 Hz <br>= 328 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>328KA8E -- </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Double-sideband emission of VOR <br>with voice<br>(VOR = VHF omnidirectional<br>radio range) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>Cmax <br></i>+ 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK <br>K</i> = 1 (typically) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">The main carrier is modulated by:<br>- a <font color="#000000">30 Hz sub-carrier<br>- a carrier resulting <br>from a </font>9 960 Hz tone frequency modulated by a 30 Hz tone <br>- a telephone channel<br>
- a 1 020 Hz keyed <br>tone for continual Morse identification<br><i>Cmax</i> = 9 960 <br><i>M</i> = 30 <br><i>D</i> = 480 Hz <br>Bandwidth:<br>20 940 Hz <br>= 20.94 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>20K9A9WWF </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Independent sidebands; several telegraph channels with <br>error-correction together with several telephone channels with privacy; frequency division multiplex </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = sum of <br><i>M</i> for each sideband </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Normally composite systems are operated <br>in accordance with standardized channel arrangements<br>(e.g. CCIR Rec. 348-2).<br>3 telephone channels and 15 telegraphy channels require the bandwidth <br>
12 000 Hz <br>= 12 kHz</td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>12K0B9WWF </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="2"><strong>Description of Emission </strong></td>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="2"><strong>Necessary Bandwidth </strong></td>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="2"><strong>Designation of Emission</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff"><strong>Formula</strong></td>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff"><strong>Sample Calculation </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>III-A. FREQUENCY MODULATION </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>1. Signal with Quantized or Digital Information </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Telegraphy without error-correction <br>(single channel) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i><br>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK</i>
<p><i>M</i> = <em>B/2</em></p>
<p><i>K</i> = 1.2 (typically) </p></td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>B</i> = 100 <br><i>D</i> = 85 Hz <br>(170 Hz shift)<br>Bandwidth: <br>304 Hz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>304HF1BBN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Telegraphy, <br>narrow-band directprinting with error-correction <br>(single channel) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i><br>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK</i>
<p><i>M</i> = <em>B/2</em></p>
<p><i>K</i> = 1.2 (typically) </p></td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>B</i> = 100 <br><i>D</i> = 85 Hz <br>(170 Hz shift)<br>Bandwidth: <br>304 Hz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>304HF1BCN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Selective calling <br>signal </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i><br>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK</i>
<p><i>M</i> = <em>B/2</em></p>
<p><i>K</i> = 1.2 (typically) </p></td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>B</i> = 100 <br><i>D</i> = 85 Hz <br>(170 Hz shift)<br>Bandwidth: <br>304 Hz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>304HF1BCN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Four-frequency duplex telegraphy </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i><br>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK <br>B</i> = Modulation rate in bauds of the faster channel. <br>If the channels are synchronized:
<p><i>M</i> = <em>B/2</em></p>
<p>(otherwise <i>M</i> = 2<i>B</i>) <br><i>K</i> = 1.1 (typically) </p></td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Spacing between adjacent frequencies = 400 Hz;<br>Synchronized channels<br><i>B</i> = 100 <br><i>M</i> = 50 <br><i>D</i> = 600 Hz <br>Bandwidth:<br>1 420 Hz <br>= 1.42 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>1K42F7BDX </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>2. Telephony (Commercial Quality) </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Commercial <br>telephony </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK <br>K</i> = 1 <br>(typically, but under certain conditions a higher value may be necessary) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">For an average case of commercial telephony,<br><i>D</i> = 5 000 Hz<br><i>M</i> = 3 000 <br>Bandwidth:<br>16 000 Hz <br>= 16 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>16K0F3EJN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>3. Sound Broadcasting </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Sound broadcasting </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK <br>K</i> = 1 (typically) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Monaural<br><i>D</i> = 75 000 Hz<br><i>M</i> = 15 000 <br>Bandwidth:<br>180 000 Hz <br>= 180 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>180KF3EGN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>4. Facsimile </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Facsimile by direct frequency modulation <br>of the carrier; <br>black and white </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i><br>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK</i>
<p><i>M</i> = <em>N/2</em></p>
<p><i>K</i> = 1.1 (typically) </p></td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>N</i> = 1 100 elements/sec; <br><i>D</i> = 400 Hz <br>Bandwidth:<br>1 980 Hz <br>= 1.98 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>1K98F1C --</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Analogue facsimile </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i><br>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK</i>
<p><i>M</i> = <em>N/2</em></p>
<p><i>K</i> = 1.1 (typically) </p></td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>N</i> = 1 100 elements/sec; <br><i>D</i> = 400 Hz <br>Bandwidth:<br>1 980 Hz <br>= 1.98 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>1K98F3C --</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>5. Composite Emissions (see <a href="http://life.itu.ch/radioclub/rr/ap01.htm#III-B">Table III-B</a>) </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Radio-relay system, frequency division multiplex </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>fp</i> + 2<i>DK <br><br>K</i> = 1 (typically) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">60 telephone channels occupying baseband between 60 kHz and 300 kHz;<br>rms per-channel deviation: 200 kHz; continuity pilot at 331 kHz produces 100 kHz rms deviation of main carrier.<br><i>D</i> = 200 × 103 × 3.76 <br>
× 2.02 = 1.52 × 106 Hz;
<p><i>fp</i> = 0.331 × 106 Hz; </p>
<p>Bandwidth:<br>3.702 × 106 Hz<br>= 3.702 MHz </p></td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>3M70F8EJF </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Radio-relay system, frequency division multiplex </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK <br><br>K</i> = 1 (typically) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">960 telephone channels occupying baseband between 60 kHz and <br>4 028 kHz; rms perchannel deviation: <br>200 kHz; <br>continuity pilot at 4 715 kHz produces 140 kHz rms deviation <br>of main carrier.<br>
<i>D</i> = 200 × 103 × 3.76 <br>× 5.5 = 4.13 × 106 Hz; <br><i>M</i> = 4.028 × 106;
<p><i>fp</i> = 4.715 × 106; <br>(2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK</i>) > 2 <i>fp</i> </p>
<p>Bandwidth:<br>16.32 × 106 Hz<br>= 16.32 MHz </p></td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>16M3F8EJF </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Radio-relay system, frequency division multiplex </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>fp</i> </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">600 telephone channels occupying baseband between 60 kHz and <br>2 540 kHz; <br>rms per-channel deviation: 200 kHz;<br>continuity pilot at 8 500 kHz produces 140 kHz rms deviation <br>of main carrier.<br>
<i>D</i> = 200 × 103 × 3.76 <br>× 4.36 = 3.28 × 106 Hz; <br><i>M</i> = 2.54 × 106; <br><i>K</i> = 1;
<p><i>fp</i> = 8.5 × 106; <br>(2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK</i>) < 2 <i>fp</i> </p>
<p>Bandwidth:<br>17 × 106 Hz = 17 MHz </p></td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>17M0F8EJF </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Stereophonic sound broadcasting with multiplexed subsidiary telephony sub-carrier </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK <br><br>K</i> = 1 (typically) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Pilot tone system;<br><i>M</i> = 75 000 <br><i>D</i> = 75 000 Hz <br>Bandwidth:<br>300 000 Hz = 300 kHz </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>300KF8EHF </strong></td></tr></tbody></table></center></div>
<p align="center"><br></p>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table bgcolor="#f9f8bd" border="3">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="3"><strong><a name="III-B">III-B</a>. MULTIPLYING FACTORS FOR USE IN COMPUTING <i>D</i>,<br>PEAK FREQUENCY DEVIATION, IN FM FREQUENCY DIVISION<br>MULTIPLEX (FM/FDM) MULTI-CHANNEL EMISSSIONS </strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="3"><br>For FM/FDM systems the necessary bandwidth is:
<p align="center"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK</i> </p>
<p>The value of <i>D</i>, or peak frequency deviation, in these formulae for <i>Bn </i>is<i> </i>calculated by multiplying the rms value of per-channel deviation by the appropriate "Multiplying factor" shown below. </p>
<p>In the case where a continuity pilot of frequency <i>fp</i> exists above the maximum modulation frequency <i>M</i>, the general formula becomes: </p>
<p align="center"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>fp</i> + 2<i>DK</i> </p>
<p>In the case where the modulation index of the main carrier produced by the pilot is less than 0.25, and the rms frequency deviation of the main carrier produced by the pilot is less than or equal to 70% of the rms value of per-channel deviation, the general formula becomes either </p>
<p align="center"><i>Bn</i> = 2<i>fp</i> or <i>Bn</i> = 2<i>M</i> + 2<i>DK</i> </p>
<p>whichever is greater. </p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="250" rowspan="2">Number of <br>telephone channels<br><i>Nc</i> </td>
<td align="middle" width="500" colspan="2">Multiplying factor 1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="250">(peak factor) × antilog </td>
<td align="middle" width="250"><font size="2"><br>value in dB above modulation reference level<br>________________________________<br>20<br></font></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="250">3 < <i>Nc</i> < 12 </td>
<td align="middle" width="250">4.47 × antilog </td>
<td align="middle" width="250"><font size="2"><br>value in dB specified by the equipment manufacturer or station license, subject to administration approval<br>________________________________<br>20<br></font></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="250">12< <i>Nc</i> < 60 </td>
<td align="middle" width="250">3.76 × antilog </td>
<td align="middle" width="250"><br><font size="2">2.6 + 2 log <em>Nc</em><br>____________________<br>20<br></font></td></tr></tbody></table></center></div>
<p>_______________ </p>
<p align="center">1 In the above chart, the multipliers 3.76 and 4.47 correspond to peak factors of 11.5 dB and 13.0 dB, respectively. </p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table bgcolor="#f9f8bd" border="3">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="250" rowspan="2">Number of <br>telephone channels<br><i>Nc</i> </td>
<td align="middle" width="500" colspan="2">Multiplying factor 1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="250">(peak factor) × antilog </td>
<td align="middle" width="250"><font size="2"><br>value in dB above modulation reference level<br>_______________________________<br>20<br></font></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="250">60 < <i>Nc</i> < 240 </td>
<td align="middle" width="250">3.76 × antilog </td>
<td align="middle" width="250"><font size="2"><br>-1 + 4 log <em>Nc</em><br>___________________<br>20<br></font></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="250"><i>Nc</i> < 240 </td>
<td align="middle" width="250">3.76 × antilog </td>
<td align="middle" width="250"><br><font size="2">-15 + 10 log <em>Nc</em><br>____________________<br>20<br></font></td></tr></tbody></table></center></div>
<p>_______________ </p>
<p align="center">1 In the above chart, the multiplier 3.76 corresponds to a peak factor of 11.5 dB. </p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table bgcolor="#f9f8bd" border="3">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="2"><strong>Description of Emission </strong></td>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="2"><strong>Necessary Bandwidth </strong></td>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="2"><strong>Designation of Emission</strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff"><strong>Formula</strong></td>
<td align="middle" bgcolor="#ffffff"><strong>Sample Calculation </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>IV. PULSE MODULATION </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>1. Radar </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Unmodulated pulse emission </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = <em>2K / t</em><br>
<p><i>K</i> depends upon the ratio of pulse duration to pulse rise time. Its value usually <br>falls between 1and 10 and in many cases it does not need <br>to exceed 6 </p></td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Primary Radar<br>Range resolution: 150 m<br><i>K</i> = 1.5 (triangular pulse where <i>t</i> <i>tr, </i>only components down to 27 dB from the strongest are considered)
<p>Then: </p>
<p>Bandwidth:<br>3 × 106 Hz <br>= 3 MHz </p></td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>3M00P0NAN </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="750" colspan="4"><strong>2. Composite Emissions </strong></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="middle" width="187">Radio-relay system</td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><i>Bn</i> = <em>2K / t</em><br><i>K</i> = 1.6 </td>
<td align="middle" width="187">Pulse position modulated by 36 voice channel baseband; pulse width at half amplitude = 0.4 <i>m</i>s <br>Bandwidth:<br>8 × 106 Hz <br>= 8 MHz<br>(Bandwidth independent of the number of voice channels) </td>
<td align="middle" width="187"><strong>8M00M7EJT </strong></td></tr></tbody></table></center></div>
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<div class="gmail_quote">2008/5/14 João Gonçalves Costa <<a href="mailto:joao.a.costa@ctt.pt">joao.a.costa@ctt.pt</a>>:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">Prezados Colegas,<br><br>A designação oficial dos novos Modos de comunicação para emissões em D-Star, reconhecidas pela União Internacional das Telecomunicações (UIT / ITU), são as seguintes:<br>
<br>Modo DV: 6K00F7W<br>(modo DV (Voz Digital):6K00 = largura da faixa de sinal, 6KHz / F = Modulação de Frequência / 7 = Mais do que um canal contem informação digital / W = Combinação de diferentes tipos : voz, dados, etc)<br>
<br>Modo DD: 150KF1D<br>((modo DD (Dados Digitais):150K = Largura da faixa de sinal, 150kHz / F = Modulação de Frequência / 1 = Somente um canal contem informação Digital /D = Transmissão de dados sem emprego de uma sub portadora modulante)<br>
<br>O Modo DD somente poderá ser utilizado em 1,2 GHz.<br><br><br>The ITU Emission Designation agreed system for classifying radio frequency signals.<br><br>International Telecommunication Union uses an internationally agreed system for classifying radio frequency signals. Each type of radio emission is classified according to its bandwidth, method of modulation, nature of the modulating signal, and type of information transmitted on the carrier signal. It is based on characteristics of the signal, not on the transmitter used.<br>
<br>An emission designation is of the form BBBB 123 45, where BBBB is the bandwidth of the signal, 1 is a letter indicating the type of modulation used, 2 is a digit representing the type of modulating signal, 3 is a letter corresponding to the type of information transmitted, 4 is a letter indicating the practical details of the transmitted information, and 5 is a letter that represents the method of multiplexing. The 4 and 5 fields are optional.<br>
<br><br>[BBBB] Bandwidth<br>The bandwidth is expressed as three digits and a letter that occupies the position normally used for a decimal point. The letter indicates what unit of frequency is used to express the bandwidth. H indicates hertz, K indicates kilohertz, M indicates megahertz, and G indicates gigahertz. For instance, "500H" means 500 Hz, and "2M50" means 2.5 MHz.<br>
<br>[1] Type of modulation<br>N Unmodulated carrier<br>A Double-sideband amplitude modulation (e.g. AM broadcast radio)<br>H Single-sideband with full carrier (e.g. as used by CHU)<br>R Single-sideband with reduced or variable carrier<br>
J Single-sideband with suppressed carrier (e.g. Shortwave utility and amateur stations)<br>B Independent sideband (two sidebands containing different signals)<br>C Vestigial sideband (e.g. NTSC)<br>F Frequency modulation (e.g. FM broadcast radio)<br>
G Phase modulation<br>D Combination of AM and FM or PM<br>P Sequence of pulses without modulation<br>K Pulse amplitude modulation<br>L Pulse width modulation (e.g. as used by WWVB)<br>M Pulse position modulation<br>
Q Sequence of pulses, phase or frequency modulation within each pulse<br>V Combination of pulse modulation methods<br>W Combination of any of the above<br>X None of the above<br><br>[2]Type of modulating signal<br>
0 No modulating signal<br>1 One channel containing digital information, no subcarrier<br>2 One channel containing digital information, using a subcarrier<br>3 One channel containing analogue information<br>
7 More than one channel containing digital information<br>8 More than one channel containing analogue information<br>9 Combination of analogue and digital channels<br>X None of the above<br><br>[3]Type of transmitted information<br>
N No transmitted information<br>A Aural telegraphy, intended to be decoded by ear, such as Morse code<br>B Electronic telegraphy, intended to be decoded by machine (Radioteletype digital modes)<br>C Facsimile (Still images)<br>
D Telemetry or Telecommand (Remote control or data collection)<br>E Telephony (voice or music intended to be listened to by a human)<br>F Video (television signals)<br>W Combination of any of the above<br>
X None of the above<br><br>[4]Details of information<br>A Two-condition code, elements vary in quantity and duration<br>B Two-condition code, elements fixed in quantity and duration<br>C Two-condition code, elements fixed in quantity and duration, error-correction included<br>
D Four-condition code, one condition per "signal element"<br>E Multi-condition code, one condition per "signal element"<br>F Multi-condition code, one character represented by one or more conditions<br>
G Monophonic broadcast-quality sound<br>H Stereophonic or quadraphonic broadcast-quality sound<br>J Commercial-quality sound (non-broadcast)<br>K Commercial-quality sound-frequency inversion and-or "band-splitting" employed<br>
L Commercial-quality sound, independent FM signals, such as pilot tones, used to control the demodulated signal<br>M Greyscale images or video<br>N Full-color images or video<br>W Combination of two or more of the above<br>
X None of the above<br><br>[5]Multiplexing<br>N None used<br>C Code-division (excluding spread spectrum)<br>F Frequency-division<br>T Time-division<br>W Combination of Frequency-division and Time-division<br>
X None of the above<br><br>João Costa<br>CT1FBF<br><br>_______________________________________________<br>CLUSTER mailing list<br><a href="mailto:CLUSTER@radio-amador.net">CLUSTER@radio-amador.net</a><br><a href="http://radio-amador.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/cluster" target="_blank">http://radio-amador.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/cluster</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>CT2HIV<br>José A. Proença<br>IM58KP