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<h3 class="gmail-post-title entry-title" style="margin:0px;color:rgb(158,82,5);font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;font-stretch:normal;font-size:20.15px;line-height:normal;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-1px;background:url("//1.bp.blogspot.com/_GFo2NhVEkEk/TMwthzkMZyI/AAAAAAAALQ4/_uU0KZoMdHI/s1600/TinyIcon32x32.png") no-repeat rgb(246,246,246);padding:3px 0px 4px 40px;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><a href="https://abertoatedemadrugada.com/2018/03/startup-lancou-quatro-micro-satelites.html" style="color:rgb(158,82,5);text-decoration:underline">Startup lançou quatro micro-satélites não autorizados para o espaço</a><span> </span><div id="gmail-___plusone_0" style="text-indent:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;background:transparent;border-style:none;float:none;line-height:normal;font-size:1px;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-block;width:32px;height:20px"></div></h3><div class="gmail-post-header-line-1" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Verdana,"Trebuchet MS",Trebuchet,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(246,246,246);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"></div><div class="gmail-like" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Verdana,"Trebuchet MS",Trebuchet,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(246,246,246);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;padding:10px 0px 0px"><span height="60" href="https://abertoatedemadrugada.com/2018/03/startup-lancou-quatro-micro-satelites.html" width="530" class="gmail-fb_iframe_widget" style="display:inline-block"><span style="display:inline-block;text-align:justify;vertical-align:bottom;width:530px;height:24px"></span></span></div><div class="gmail-post-body entry-content" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Verdana,"Trebuchet MS",Trebuchet,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(246,246,246);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><p></p><div class="gmail-separator" style="clear:both;text-align:center"><a href="https://abertoatedemadrugada.com/2018/03/startup-lancou-quatro-micro-satelites.html" style="color:rgb(222,112,8);text-decoration:none;margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="440" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pBjJUECUWSU/WqSBYVH4qWI/AAAAAAAEzys/nfrEmSR2zh0q-h3rbllq-LNIq3sOEcElQCLcBGAs/s1600/launch.jpeg" width="590" style="border-width: 0px;"></a></div><br>Enquanto algumas pessoas se preocupam que ter um Tesla Roadster a caminho de Marte constitui lixo espacial, há startups que parecem querer tratar o espaço como o "oeste selvagem", lançando satélites não autorizados para o espaço que poderão por em risco outros satélites.<br><br><a name="more" style="color:rgb(222,112,8);text-decoration:none"></a>Num lançamento de 12 de Janeiro realizado a partir da Índia, que levou um satélite Indiano de mapeamento e umas dezenas de CubeSats mais pequenos, foram também enviados quatro micro-satélites misteriosos - os SpaceBees - que se imaginam ser satélites de uma startup norte-americana chamada Swarm Technologies. O problema é que a Swarm Technologies<span> </span><a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/aerospace/satellites/fcc-accuses-stealthy-startup-of-launching-rogue-satellites" style="color:rgb(222,112,8);text-decoration:none">não tinha autorização para colocar estes satélites em órbita</a>, sendo que esse pedido tinha sido recusado por serem considerados perigosos para outros satélites.<br><br><div class="gmail-separator" style="clear:both;text-align:center"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-C4xvi4lgMVI/WqSBYXBwuzI/AAAAAAAEzy0/1asJtjEZdesvE30Dbv-LpExXWg3YS36MgCLcBGAs/s1600/sat.jpeg" style="color:rgb(222,112,8);text-decoration:none;margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="283" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-C4xvi4lgMVI/WqSBYXBwuzI/AAAAAAAEzy0/1asJtjEZdesvE30Dbv-LpExXWg3YS36MgCLcBGAs/s400/sat.jpeg" width="400" style="border-width: 0px;"></a></div>O factor de risco advém do facto destes micro-satélites terem um tamanho bastante reduzido (próximo de um livro) o que impossibilita o seu rastreamento pelas estações de radar no solo. É por isso que os satélites têm um tamanho mínimo recomendado, que permita serem seguidos do solo para se saber sempre por onde andam, especialmente quando deixam de funcionar... É precisamente por isso que a FCC não ficou muito convencida com os sistemas que a Swarm implementou, com um GPS a bordo que permite comunicar com ele para pedir a sua localização exacta - pois, se o satélite deixar de funcionar (o que inevitavelmente acontecerá, depois do seu tempo útil de vida) deixaria de se saber por onde anda. Ainda assim... a empresa parece ter ignorado estes "detalhes" e avançado com o lançamento de quatro destes micro-satélites.<br><br><br><div class="gmail-separator" style="clear:both;text-align:center"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ewv4lyozKTw/WqSBYVsvfGI/AAAAAAAEzyw/TuOSb2drqFsQGhxPCtJ49pQ3XXk6TDy6gCLcBGAs/s1600/swarm.jpeg" style="color:rgb(222,112,8);text-decoration:none;margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ewv4lyozKTw/WqSBYVsvfGI/AAAAAAAEzyw/TuOSb2drqFsQGhxPCtJ49pQ3XXk6TDy6gCLcBGAs/s400/swarm.jpeg" width="400" style="border-width: 0px;"></a></div><br>A ideia da Swarm é criar uma constelação destes micro-satélites para complementar uma rede "internet of things" que permita comunicações em todo o mundo, mesmo em locais onde não haja cobertura tradicional. Mas, embora a empresa já tenha dito que a sua próxima geração de satélites irá usar um tamanho maior que permitirá o tracking a partir do solo, resta saber a que tipo de penalização se arrisca por ter avançado com este lançamento sem as devidas autorizações.</div>
<br><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">2018-03-12 11:18 GMT+00:00 João Costa > CT1FBF <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ct1fbf@gmail.com" target="_blank">ct1fbf@gmail.com</a>></span>:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><tbody style="box-sizing:border-box"><tr style="box-sizing:border-box"><td style="box-sizing:border-box"><div id="m_9216565262439592877gmail-story" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:618.667px;font-size:16px;height:auto;float:left"><h1 class="m_9216565262439592877gmail-article-main-title" style="box-sizing:border-box;font-size:16pt">FCC accuses stealthy startup of launching rogue satellites</h1><strong style="box-sizing:border-box"><font color="#666666" style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box">The U.S. communications agency says tiny Internet of Things satellites from Swarm Technologies could endanger other spacecraft</em></font></strong><p style="box-sizing:border-box">On 12 January, a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket blasted off from India’s eastern coast. While its primary cargo was a large Indian mapping satellite, dozens of secondary CubeSats from other countries travelled along with it. Seattle-based Planetary Resources supplied a spacecraft that will test prospecting tools for future asteroid miners, Canadian company Telesat launched a broadband communications satellite, and a British Earth-observation mission called Carbonite will capture high-definition video of the planet’s surface.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box">Also on board were four small satellites that probably should not have been there. SpaceBee-1, 2, 3, and 4 were briefly described by the Indian space agency ISRO as “<a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/PSLV-C40_Cartosat2SeriesMission/files/assets/common/downloads/PSLV-C40%20-%20Cartosat%202%20Series%20Mission.pdf" style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(0,51,102);text-decoration:none;word-wrap:break-word" target="_blank">two-way satellite communications and data relay</a>” devices from the United States. No operator was specified, and only ISRO publicly noted that they successfully reached orbit the same day.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box"><em style="box-sizing:border-box"><strong style="box-sizing:border-box">IEEE Spectrum</strong></em><span> </span>can reveal that the SpaceBees are almost certainly the first spacecraft from a Silicon Valley startup called Swarm Technologies, currently still in stealth mode. Swarm was founded in 2016 by one engineer who developed a spacecraft concept for Google and another who sold his previous company to Apple. The SpaceBees were built as technology demonstrators for a new space-based Internet of Things communications network.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box">Swarm believes its network could enable satellite communications for orders of magnitude less cost than existing options. It envisages the worldwide tracking of ships and cars, new agricultural technologies, and low cost connectivity for humanitarian efforts anywhere in the world. The four SpaceBees would be the first practical demonstration of Swarm’s prototype hardware and cutting-edge algorithms, swapping data with ground stations for up to eight years.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box">The only problem is, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) had<span> </span><a href="https://apps.fcc.gov/els/GetAtt.html?id=203152&x=." style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(0,51,102);text-decoration:none;word-wrap:break-word" target="_blank">dismissed Swarm’s application</a><span> </span>for its experimental satellites a month earlier, on safety grounds. The FCC is responsible for regulating commercial satellites, including minimizing the chance of accidents in space. It feared that the four SpaceBees now orbiting the Earth would pose an unacceptable collision risk for other spacecraft.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box">If confirmed, this would be the first ever unauthorized launch of commercial satellites.</p><p style="box-sizing:border-box">Read the full<span> </span><em style="box-sizing:border-box">IEEE Spectrum</em><span> </span>article:<br style="box-sizing:border-box"><a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/aerospace/satellites/fcc-accuses-stealthy-startup-of-launching-rogue-satellites" style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(0,51,102);text-decoration:none;word-wrap:break-word" target="_blank">https://spectrum.ieee.org/<wbr>tech-talk/aerospace/<wbr>satellites/fcc-accuses-<wbr>stealthy-startup-of-launching-<wbr>rogue-satellites</a></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
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