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style="TEXT-DECORATION: none">Interest check</FONT></FONT></FONT></A></H3>
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<DIV align=justify><FONT face=Arial><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"
color=#444444>This is not just another ADS-B cut and try antenna, this is the
ADS-B antenna designed by a highly skilled professional. The antenna is designed
to efficiently cover the range from 1030 MHz to 1090 MHz, so the two common used
channels in the ADS-B system. After the initial tests with the prototype antenna
from the picture I decide to hear your voice.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
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<DIV align=justify></DIV>
<DIV align=justify><FONT face=Arial><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"
color=#444444>What makes this antenna special and different from the other
designs that we have on the market ?</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=justify><FONT face=Arial><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"
color=#444444>Simply, this is one of a DC grounded antenna, efficiently handle
the static problems that may occurs on the antenna. This antenna came out as the
answer to many e-mails received where the user experience the situations where
the ADS-B receivers, DVB-T dongles, low noise preamplifier's were damaged due to
static coming from the antenna. There are many sources of the static, like
corona discharge, rain static, wind static etc.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=justify></DIV>
<DIV align=justify> </DIV>
<DIV align=justify><FONT face=Arial><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"
color=#444444>There are several ways how to cure the problem. The simplest one
is to disconnect the antenna, but most of the users are running the receivers
24/7 or remotely positioned antennas where disconnecting the antenna is not an
easy option.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=justify><FONT face=Arial><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"
color=#444444>Most of the users rely on the pair of the protection diodes
commonly installed in the equipment they are using. This looks like a good
prevention but in reality this is a double-edged sword!</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=justify><FONT face=Arial><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"
color=#444444>This par of diodes are potential source of the intermodulation
that can spoil your reception to the levels where the properly installed antenna
with the professional preamplifier's may result in poor reception. This is the
most common problem if you are close to the strong radio and TV broadcast
transmitters, or GSM towers. Setups with the high gain antennas and
preamplifier's without the good filtering will amplify already strong out of the
band signals routing the same to the pair of diodes at the receiver input. This
signals crate a so called ghost signals that may interfere with your frequency
of the interest.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
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<DIV align=justify> </DIV>
<DIV align=justify></DIV>
<DIV align=justify><FONT face=Arial><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"
color=#444444>DC grounded antenna will ground also the static and your equipment
will be protected. At the same time, the "protection" diodes may be removed,
hence the possible cause of the intermodulation. Folded monopole antenna is an
old and well known design but not so common used. You can find that antenna in
some professional rugged systems where static discharge is the main
problem.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
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<DIV align=justify><FONT face=Arial><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"
color=#444444>The goal was to design a cheap and at the same time efficient
antenna. Another very important thing was to design the antenna that may fit
into envelope for the cheap shipping. The antenna should meet the 50 ohms
impedance as the standard and cover both ADS-B frequencies. Assembling should be
simple and straightforward not requiring special tools or user skills. It should
be light and most important the antenna should work
properly.</FONT></FONT></DIV><BR><BR><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#444444><FONT
style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt">We manage to have all that including the following
characteristics:<BR><BR></FONT><B><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt">1.
Omnidirectional pattern</FONT><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space><FONT
style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"> </FONT></SPAN></B></FONT></FONT><BR>
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style="BORDER-TOP: transparent 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: transparent 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: transparent 1px solid; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8px; PADDING-TOP: 8px; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; BORDER-LEFT: transparent 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 8px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; -webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px"
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<DIV align=justify><BR><FONT face=Arial><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"
color=#444444>In order to cover all sectors and directions, the 360 degrees
omnidirectional pattern is preferred for the broadcast nature of ADS-B
transmission. Depending on the location of the antenna the signals from the
planes, their position on the map should be scattered evenly around the location
without the gaps.</FONT></FONT></DIV><BR><BR><BR><BR><B><FONT face=Arial><FONT
color=#444444><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt">2. Vertical
polarization</FONT><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space><FONT
style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></B><BR>
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<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV align=justify><FONT face=Arial><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"
color=#444444>The signals from the ADS-B transponders are vertically polarized,
hence the receiving antenna should meet the same vertical polarization in order
to receive the strongest signal for the best reception. The folded monopole
antenna is vertically polarized antenna as can be noticed from the
diagram.</FONT></FONT></DIV><BR><BR><BR><B><FONT face=Arial><FONT
style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt" color=#444444>3. Efficiency and the
gain</FONT></FONT></B><BR>
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width=320 height=180></A></DIV><BR><BR>
<DIV align=justify><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#444444><FONT
style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt">The efficiency of the antenna is better then 99% and
the calculated gain is 1.53dB or, for the marketing guys 3.67dBi. The gain was
not an imperative when this antenna was designed but it came out from the
design.<BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><B>4. Impedance</B></FONT><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space><FONT
style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT><BR>
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style="BORDER-TOP: transparent 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: transparent 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: transparent 1px solid; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8px; PADDING-TOP: 8px; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; BORDER-LEFT: transparent 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 8px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; -webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px"
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width=320 height=180></A></DIV><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#444444><FONT
style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt">The antenna has the impedance of 50ohms at the resonant
frequency. As the standard widely used 50 ohms is preferred over the 75 ohms due
to variety coax lines, preamplifier's and filters that are designed for the same
impedance. It is true that there is a large growing community using the simple
DVB-T dongles designed with the 75 ohms input impedance but to keep the things
simple we stick to the 50 ohms.<BR><BR></FONT><B><FONT
style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt">5. Impedance matching</FONT></B></FONT></FONT><BR>
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style="BORDER-TOP: transparent 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: transparent 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: transparent 1px solid; POSITION: relative; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8px; PADDING-TOP: 8px; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; BORDER-LEFT: transparent 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 8px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; -webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px"
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<DIV align=justify><BR><FONT face=Arial><FONT color=#444444><FONT
style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt">The folded monopole itself has much higher impedance
then required 50 ohms so the matching was required. The matching system used is
made using the microstrip line on the bottom of the ground plane made of FR-4
1.6mm laminate. Good matching has achieved across the whole working frequency
range. At the end of the mach there are pads where any type of 50 ohms coaxial
line should be soldered.<BR><BR></FONT><B><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt">6.
Voltage Standing Wave ratio (VSWR)</FONT></B></FONT></FONT><BR>
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<DIV align=justify><BR><FONT face=Arial><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 9.8pt"
color=#444444>The VSWR is quite flat for the frequency range of the interest. If
75 ohm coaxial line is used the VSWR will degrade due to minimal mismatch
between the feeder line and the antenna impedance. This should not affect the
efficiency of the antenna in large scale.<BR><BR><BR><BR>The antenna is made on
FR-4 1.6mm laminate and it consist of two parts, the ground plane with the
matching line and the vertical hairpin style monopole. The ground plane is
140x140mm in size, while the hairpin is 65mm high. To assemble the antenna it
required only to insert the vertical hairpin into the catted slot on the ground
plane and to simply solder the hairpin microstrip line to the match on one side
and to the ground plane on the top side. Solder the coaxial line to the
connecting pads and antenna is ready.<BR>If used outside, it is advised to place
the antenna into some plastic canister, (cheap food plastic canisters).<BR>Such
antenna should be placed on top of the metal mast in order to maintain the
omnidirectional pattern.<BR><BR>Target price is 20 Euro. If there is enough
interest, I can make the first batch in short period so it is up to you.Please
leave your comments and suggestions bellow in order to valuate the
project.<BR><BR>Thanks</FONT></FONT></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000"> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000">73's de
Carlos CT1GFQ<BR>SKCC#466C <A
href="http://www.skccgroup.com">www.skccgroup.com</A><BR>REP#1406 <A
href="http://www.rep.pt">www.rep.pt</A></DIV>
<DIV
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