<HTML><HEAD></HEAD>
<BODY dir=ltr>
<DIV dir=ltr>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
<DIV>Uso-o há bastante tempo é mesmo muito bom.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">73 de José
Luís Proença, Operador do Posto Emissor CT1GZB<BR>ARVM # 53<BR>REP #
1418<BR>SKCC # 8178<BR>CT-QRP # 058<BR>NRA # PN
077<BR>http://ct1gzb.blogspot.com<BR></DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT-STYLE: normal; DISPLAY: inline; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt tahoma">
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5">
<DIV style="font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A title=ct1fbf@gmail.com
href="mailto:ct1fbf@gmail.com">João Costa > CT1FBF</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, October 31, 2013 12:25 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=cluster@radio-amador.net
href="mailto:cluster@radio-amador.net">Cluster-ARLA</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Cc:</B> <A title=radioamadores_algarve@yahoogrupos.com.br
href="mailto:radioamadores_algarve@yahoogrupos.com.br">radioamadores_algarve@yahoogrupos.com.br</A>
; <A title=ct-comunicacoes-e-tecnologias@googlegroups.com
href="mailto:ct-comunicacoes-e-tecnologias@googlegroups.com">ct-comunicacoes-e-tecnologias@googlegroups.com</A>
</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> ARLA/CLUSTER: Short-Wave.INFO fundamental para quem escuta
emissorasem Onda Curta</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></DIV>
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style="FONT-STYLE: normal; DISPLAY: inline; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: small; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none">
<DIV>
<H2>What is Short-Wave.Info?</H2><A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/">Short-Wave.Info</A> is a simple way in which
to interrogate a database of all the short wave broadcasts being transmitted by
the majority of the world's international radio stations. There are two ways in
which this vast database of frequencies can be queried:
<UL>
<LI>you can select a language and/or a particular broadcaster; or
<LI>you can select a specific frequency. </LI></UL>In either case, our
sophisticated search software will return a series of results (unless, that is,
there were no results matching your query). This software is designed to allow
listeners to quickly find the frequencies to which to tune as well as permitting
stations being received to be easily identified. <B>Note:</B> You can click on
any frequency, language or broadcaster shown in the results of a search to begin
a new search.
<H2>Selection by Language and/or Broadcaster</H2>Where a language has been
selected, all the broadcasts on-air in that language will be shown. A list of
the frequencies used for these broadcasts along with the particular radio
broadcasting station concerned will be produced, and a map showing the location
and frequency of every transmitter on-air will also be produced. Similarly, if a
specific broadcaster has been selected, all transmissions on-air by that
broadcaster will be shown. Where both a language and a broadcaster are selected,
all the transmissions by that broadcaster, in that language, will be listed,
whether on-air or not. Any which are on-air at the selected time are highlighted
(in red) and a map of these transmissions is produced.
<H2>Selection by Frequency</H2>If a frequency is selected, all broadcasts on
that frequency and (optionally) within plus or minus 10 kHz of that frequency
will be shown. Any on-air at the selected time will be highlighted and a map of
their location produced.
<H2>Interpreting the Results</H2>Your search for short wave broadcasters will
result in a map showing the location of any stations on air at the time you
selected (normally 'now' but you can select your own time - note that all times
have to be in GMT/UTC). In addition, the results will show a table like the one
below.
<TABLE style="MARGIN-TOP: 1ex; WIDTH: 100%; COLOR: #000000">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH><ABBR title="Frequency in kHz">Freq <A style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?feature=instructions#">▼</A></ABBR></TH>
<TH>Station
<TH>Start
<TH>End
<TH><ABBR title="Days of the Week: 1=Sunday, 7=Saturday">Days</ABBR></TH>
<TH>Language
<TH><ABBR title="Transmitter Power in kiloWatts">Pwr</ABBR></TH>
<TH><ABBR
title="Azimuth of Antenna in degrees (ND=Non Directional)">Az</ABBR></TH>
<TH>Transmitter Site
<TH>Lat/Long
<TH>Remarks<A style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?feature=instructions#">◆</A></TH></TH></TH></TH></TH></TH></TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9430">9430</A></TD>
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC">BBC</A></TD>
<TD>18:00
<TD>21:00
<TD>1234567
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English">English</A></TD>
<TD>250
<TD>170
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=G alt=G
src="http://www.short-wave.info/gif/flags/G.gif" width=16 height=11><A
class=tooltip
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Woofferton">Woofferton<SPAN>Bearing:
262°<BR>Distance: 1092km</SPAN></A></TD>
<TD>52N19 002W43
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=OFF_AIR alt=OFF_AIR
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-0.png" width=19
height=13>BBC b11</TD>
<TR class=jammed>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9460">9460</A></TD>
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC">BBC</A></TD>
<TD>03:00
<TD>04:00
<TD>1234567
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English">English</A></TD>
<TD>250
<TD>280
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=SEY alt=SEY
src="http://www.short-wave.info/gif/flags/SEY.gif" width=16 height=11><A
class=tooltip
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Mahe">Mahe<SPAN>Bearing:
153°<BR>Distance: 7476km</SPAN></A></TD>
<TD>04S35 055E28
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_3
alt=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_3
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-3.png" width=19
height=13>BBC b11</TD>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9490">9490</A></TD>
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC">BBC</A></TD>
<TD>15:00
<TD>16:00
<TD>1234567
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English">English</A></TD>
<TD>100
<TD>15
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=AFS alt=AFS
src="http://www.short-wave.info/gif/flags/AFS.gif" width=16 height=11><A
class=tooltip
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Meyerton">Meyerton<SPAN>Bearing:
170°<BR>Distance: 8909km</SPAN></A></TD>
<TD>26S34 028E07
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=OFF_AIR alt=OFF_AIR
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-0.png" width=19
height=13>BBC b11</TD>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9505">9505</A></TD>
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC">BBC</A></TD>
<TD>15:00
<TD>17:00
<TD>1234567
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English">English</A></TD>
<TD>300
<TD>97
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=CYP alt=CYP
src="http://www.short-wave.info/gif/flags/CYP.gif" width=16 height=11><A
class=tooltip
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Limassol">Limassol<SPAN>Bearing:
147°<BR>Distance: 2527km</SPAN></A></TD>
<TD>34N43 033E19
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=OFF_AIR alt=OFF_AIR
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-0.png" width=19
height=13>BBC b11</TD>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9505">9505</A></TD>
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC">BBC</A></TD>
<TD>17:00
<TD>18:30
<TD>1234567
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English">English</A></TD>
<TD>250
<TD>315
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=SNG alt=SNG
src="http://www.short-wave.info/gif/flags/SNG.gif" width=16 height=11><A
class=tooltip
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Kranji">Kranji<SPAN>Bearing:
142°<BR>Distance: 9904km</SPAN></A></TD>
<TD>01N25 103E44
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=OFF_AIR alt=OFF_AIR
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-0.png" width=19
height=13>BBC b11</TD>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9660">9660</A></TD>
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC">BBC</A></TD>
<TD>22:00
<TD>23:00
<TD>12345..
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English">English</A></TD>
<TD>10
<TD>10
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=AUS alt=AUS
src="http://www.short-wave.info/gif/flags/AUS.gif" width=16 height=11><A
class=tooltip
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Brandon">Brandon<SPAN>Bearing:
144°<BR>Distance: 14625km</SPAN></A></TD>
<TD>19S30 147E20
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=OFF_AIR alt=OFF_AIR
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-0.png" width=19
height=13>BBC b11</TD>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9915">9915</A></TD>
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC">BBC</A></TD>
<TD>21:00
<TD>23:00
<TD>1234567
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English">English</A></TD>
<TD>250
<TD>65
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=ASC alt=ASC
src="http://www.short-wave.info/gif/flags/ASC.gif" width=16 height=11><A
class=tooltip
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Ascension">Ascension<SPAN>Bearing:
198°<BR>Distance: 7215km</SPAN></A></TD>
<TD>07S54 014W22
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=OFF_AIR alt=OFF_AIR
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-0.png" width=19
height=13>BBC b11</TD>
<TR class=onair>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=11760">11760</A></TD>
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC">BBC</A></TD>
<TD>07:00
<TD>14:00
<TD>1234567
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English">English</A></TD>
<TD>250
<TD>320
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=OMA alt=OMA
src="http://www.short-wave.info/gif/flags/OMA.gif" width=16 height=11><A
class=tooltip
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Al Seela">Al
Seela<SPAN>Bearing: 142°<BR>Distance: 5167km</SPAN></A></TD>
<TD>21N57 059E27
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_5
alt=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_5
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-5.png" width=19
height=13>BBC b11</TD>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=11895">11895</A></TD>
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC">BBC</A></TD>
<TD>09:00
<TD>10:00
<TD>1234567
<TD><A href="http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English">English</A></TD>
<TD>250
<TD>45
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=THA alt=THA
src="http://www.short-wave.info/gif/flags/THA.gif" width=16 height=11><A
class=tooltip
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Nakhon Sawan">Nakhon
Sawan<SPAN>Bearing: 141°<BR>Distance: 8461km</SPAN></A></TD>
<TD>15N03 100E03
<TD><IMG style="FLOAT: right" title=OFF_AIR alt=OFF_AIR
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-0.png" width=19
height=13>BBC
b11</TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TR></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TR></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TR></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TR></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TR></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TR></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TR></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TR></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>Frequencies
which are currently on-air are highlighted in red. If the frequency has a 'zig
zag' behind it (as for 9460 kHz in the example above), this indicates that there
is the possibility that this transmission is being jammed and that reception may
not be possible. A signal strength bar shows on the right of the table if the
transmission is on-air, to indicate how likely it is that you can hear the
station. There are more details on <A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?feature=signalstrength">how the
signal strength indicator works and what it means</A>.
<H2>Hints and Tips</H2>Frequencies above around 9 MHz (9000 kHz) will travel
across areas of daylight reasonably well. Frequencies below around 12 MHz (12000
kHz) will travel across areas of darkness well. (It therefore follows that
frequencies between about 9 and 12 MHz will travel across areas of both darkness
and daylight). The map produced by the software shows the location of on-air
transmitters and shades the parts of the earth currently in daylight and
darkness.<BR><BR>If the area in which you are located is currently in daylight,
the best reception is likely to be from transmitter sites which are also in
daylight and which are on frequencies over 9000 kHz. If you are in the area
which is currently in darkness, look for transmitters which are also darkness
and which are on frequencies below 12000 kHz. There is <A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?feature=propagation">more information
on how short wave propagation works</A> if you want to understand this better.
<H2>Examples</H2>You are having a friend from Turkey over to stay and want to
let them be able to listen to the news from home. One option would be to select
'<A href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?language=Turkish">Turkish</A>' as
the language from the pull-down menu and then click the 'GO' button. This will
provide you with a list of all broadcasts currently on-air in Turkish. If you
wanted to select a particular time, unclick the 'NOW' button and enter a time
(in GMT/UTC) into the boxed. Alternatively you might choose to select '<A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?station=Voice+of+Turkey">Voice of
Turkey</A>' from the station list. You could even do both and select '<A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?station=Voice+of+Turkey&language=Turkish">Voice
of Turkey' and 'Turkish'</A> - this will show you a list of all the broadcasts
from Voice of Turkey in Turkish, highlighting those currently on-air.<BR><BR>You
are tuning around on your short-wave radio and hear a station on 9870 kHz. You
then type '<A href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?freq=9870">9870</A>'
into the frequency box and click the 'NOW' button. This will produce a list of
all the stations which broadcast on 9870 kHz or on frequencies within 10 kHz of
it, and highlight those currently on-air. As long as you can identify the
language being broadcast, you can then find out what station you are listening
to!
<H2>Bearing and Distance</H2><A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/">Short-Wave.Info</A> now provides information
on the distance and bearing that a short-wave transmitter is from your location,
as long as we can work out where you are! Your location is initially provided by
a service called <A href="http://www.hostip.info/"
target=_blank>hostip.info</A>. If they can work out where you are, or someone
else from your IP address has registered a location, a green dot (<IMG
alt="tiny green dot" src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/tiny-green-dot.png">)
will appear on the map of the world. If we have your IP address but can't work
out where you are, a red dot (<IMG alt="tiny red dot"
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/tiny-red-dot.png">) will be shown instead
(at 0 degrees East, 0 degrees North!) The hostip (and the <A
href="http://short-wave.info">short-wave.info</A>) database are not always
correct or complete. If your location is either wrong, or a red dot appears, you
can correct the location. Just click on the dot and drag it to the location on
the world map that corresponds to your location (note that this does work with
tablet computers but is not as smooth or reliable as with desktops). You will be
given the option to select this as your location. If you do, the <A
href="http://short-wave.info">short-wave.info</A> IP look-up database will be
updated and next time you select a frequency or station, the location shown will
be that which you selected.<BR><BR>If your location can be ascertained, two
pieces of additional information will be provided. If you hold your mouse over
the list of transmitter sites, the bearing and distance (in kilometers) from you
to the site in question will be given. Try it on the examples above (note that
this is only an example, and the distances and bearings to the transmitter sites
are not accurate).
<H2>Signal Strength Indicator</H2>If your location is known, you will also
notice that in the right hand column of the table is a signal strength
indicator. This goes from no bars (meaning the station is off-air) to five bars.
Given the vaguaries of <A
href="http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?feature=propagation">short wave
propagation</A> no system can be completely accurate, however a unique <A
href="http://short-wave.info">short-wave.info</A> algorithm has been used to try
and give an indication of the probability of being able to receive a particular
transmission. The different numbers of bars represent different probabilities of
reception which roughly translate as:<BR>
<TABLE style="MARGIN-TOP: 1ex; COLOR: #000000">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><IMG title=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_1 alt=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_1
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-1.png" width=19
height=13></TD>
<TD>It is highly unlikely that you will be able to receive this
transmission.
<TR>
<TD><IMG title=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_2 alt=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_2
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-2.png" width=19
height=13></TD>
<TD>In favourable conditions, you may just be able to receive this
transmission.
<TR>
<TD><IMG title=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_3 alt=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_3
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-3.png" width=19
height=13></TD>
<TD>Your chances of receiving this transmission are roughly 50:50.
<TR>
<TD><IMG title=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_4 alt=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_4
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-4.png" width=19
height=13></TD>
<TD>There is a reasonable chance that you will be able to receive this
transmission.
<TR>
<TD><IMG title=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_5 alt=SIGNAL_STRENGTH_5
src="http://www.short-wave.info/png/signal-strength-5.png" width=19
height=13></TD>
<TD>Under most conditions, you should be able to receive this
transmission.
</TD></TR></TD></TR></TD></TR></TD></TR></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>Obviously
much depends upon the quality of your receiver and your aerial, as well as
whether you are listening in a noisy suburban area, or a quiet rural area. It is
also worth noting that no account is taken of whether or not there may be
interference on the same frequency. If another station is broadcasting on the
same frequency but with a higher probability of reception, then the chances are
you will hear that instead!
<H2>How does it work?</H2><IMG style="MARGIN: 3px; FLOAT: right"
alt="professor gerard pogorel"
src="http://www.short-wave.info/gif/pogorel.gif">The algorithm which calculates
your chances of reception uses many factors to try and give a reasonable
estimate including:
<UL>
<LI>the distance and bearing from you to the transmitter site and of the
transmitter site to you;
<LI>the time of day at both your location and that of the transmitter;
<LI>the power of the transmitting station;
<LI>the type of transmitting antenna it is using; and
<LI>the frequency on which the station is transmitting. </LI></UL>All these
factors are fused together in a complex calculation which models the path
between you and the station and the likely conditions to yield the resulting
probability. It is not 100% accurate (indeed if it's better than 50% then it's
doing well!) but is at least useful in providing an indication of whether or not
a station might be audible.
<H2>Changing The Order</H2>By default, the results of a search are shown in
ascending frequency order. It is possible, however, to re-order the results. To
the right of the 'Freq' and 'Remarks' columns, a triangle (▼) or a diamond (◆)
symbol are shown. Clicking on these will re-order the results. Clicking on the
symbol next to 'Freq' will re-order the results in frequency order. Clicking it
a second time will re-order the results in reverse frequency order. Clicking on
the symbol next to 'Remarks' will re-order the results with the strongest
predicted signal first. And, of course, clicking it again will reverse the
direction. Please note that as the signal strength prediction algorithm is not
100% accurate, sorting in signal strength order may equally not prove 100%
accurate.
<H2>Acknowledgements</H2>We are very grateful for the work of <A
href="http://www.geocities.jp/binewsjp/">Aoki</A> for compiling the database
which is used to generate the maps and lists on this site. If you have any
updated schedule information please contact Aoki so that the database can be
kept as accurate as possible.
<H2>Contact</H2>If you have any comments about this web-site, please send an
e-mail to <SPAN id=mailymaily><A
href="mailto:comments@short-wave.info">comments@short-wave.info</A></SPAN>.
</DIV>
<P>
<HR>
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