<div>Equivalências entre as licenças e recomendações da CEPT, as classes nos Estados Unidos e categorias actuais em Portugal:<br><br>- CEPT Radio Amateur Licence (<font face="Arial">Recomendação </font>CEPT T/R 61-01), baseada na Recomendação de exame CEPT T/R 61-02 corresponde nos EUA à Extra Class e em Portugal à categoria 1.<br>
<br>- CEPT Novice Licence (<font face="Arial">Recomendação </font>ECC/REC/(05)06), baseada na Recomendação de exame ERC Report 32 corresponde nos EUA à General Class e em Portugal à categoria 2.<br><br>- CEPT Entry Level Amateur Radio Licence, baseada na Recomendação de exame ECC Report 89 equivalente nos EUA à Technician Class, em Portugal à categoria 3.<br>
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<div>Atenção para aceder a estes conteudos pode ser necessário estar registado no <a href="http://www.qrz.com/">www.qrz.com</a></div></div>
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<div><b class="sectionhead">Practice Amateur Radio Exams</b> </div>
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<div><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010">2010 Technician Exam Practice Test</a> - or - <span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.8em"><a href="javascript:void(0);"><font size="3"><b style="COLOR: green">study a specific sub-category </b><img id="ico_t2010" class="im" src="http://files.qrz.com/static/icons/16x16/add.png" width="16" height="16"></font></a></span> </div>
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<ul style="DISPLAY: none" id="sec_t2010"><b style="COLOR: green">Subject categories for Technician pool 2010</b>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T1A"><b>T1A</b> Amateur Radio services; purpose of the amateur service, amateur-satellite service, operator/primary station license grant, where FCC rules are codified, basis and purpose of FCC rules, meanings of basic terms used in FCC rules</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T1B"><b>T1B</b> Authorized frequencies; frequency allocations, ITU regions, emission type, restricted sub-bands, spectrum sharing, transmissions near band edges</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T1C"><b>T1C</b> Operator classes and station call signs; operator classes, sequential, special event, and vanity call sign systems, international communications, reciprocal operation, station license licensee, places where the amateur service is regulated by the FCC, nam</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T1D"><b>T1D</b> Authorized and prohibited transmissions</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T1E"><b>T1E</b> Control operator and control types; control operator required, eligibility, designation of control operator, privileges and duties, control point, local, automatic and remote control, location of control operator </a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T1F"><b>T1F</b> Station identification and operation standards; special operations for repeaters and auxiliary stations, third party communications, club stations, station security, FCC inspection</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T2A"><b>T2A</b> Station operation; choosing an operating frequency, calling another station, test transmissions, use of minimum power, frequency use, band plans</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T2B"><b>T2B</b> VHF/UHF operating practices; SSB phone, FM repeater, simplex, frequency offsets, splits and shifts, CTCSS, DTMF, tone squelch, carrier squelch, phonetics</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T2C"><b>T2C</b> Public service; emergency and non-emergency operations, message traffic handling</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T3A"><b>T3A</b> Radio wave characteristics; how a radio signal travels; distinctions of HF, VHF and UHF; fading, multipath; wavelength vs. penetration; antenna orientation</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T3B"><b>T3B</b> Radio and electromagnetic wave properties; the electromagnetic spectrum, wavelength vs. frequency, velocity of electromagnetic waves </a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T3C"><b>T3C</b> Propagation modes; line of sight, sporadic E, meteor, aurora scatter, tropospheric ducting, F layer skip, radio horizon</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T4A"><b>T4A</b> Station setup; microphone, speaker, headphones, filters, power source, connecting a computer, RF grounding</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T4B"><b>T4B</b> Operating controls; tuning, use of filters, squelch, AGC, repeater offset, memory channels</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T5A"><b>T5A</b> Electrical principles; current and voltage, conductors and insulators, alternating and direct current</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T5B"><b>T5B</b> Math for electronics; decibels, electronic units and the metric system</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T5C"><b>T5C</b> Electronic principles; capacitance, inductance, current flow in circuits, alternating current, definition of RF, power calculations</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T5D"><b>T5D</b> Ohm?s Law</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T6A"><b>T6A</b> Electrical components; fixed and variable resistors, capacitors, and inductors; fuses, switches, batteries</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T6B"><b>T6B</b> Semiconductors; basic principles of diodes and transistors</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T6C"><b>T6C</b> Circuit diagrams; schematic symbols</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T6D"><b>T6D</b> Component functions</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T7A"><b>T7A</b> Station radios; receivers, transmitters, transceivers</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T7B"><b>T7B</b> Common transmitter and receiver problems; symptoms of overload and overdrive, distortion, interference, over and under modulation, RF feedback, off frequency signals; fading and noise; problems with digital communications interfaces</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T7C"><b>T7C</b> Antenna measurements and troubleshooting; measuring SWR, dummy loads, feedline failure modes</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T7D"><b>T7D</b> Basic repair and testing; soldering, use of a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T8A"><b>T8A</b> Modulation modes; bandwidth of various signals</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T8B"><b>T8B</b> Amateur satellite operation; Doppler shift, basic orbits, operating protocols</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T8C"><b>T8C</b> Operating activities; radio direction finding, radio control, contests, special event stations, basic linking over Internet</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T8D"><b>T8D</b> Non-voice communications; image data, digital modes, CW, packet, PSK31</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T9A"><b>T9A</b> Antennas; vertical and horizontal, concept of gain, common portable and mobile antennas, relationships between antenna length and frequency</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T9B"><b>T9B</b> Feedlines; types, losses vs. frequency, SWR concepts, matching, weather protection, connectors</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T0A"><b>T0A</b> AC power circuits; hazardous voltages, fuses and circuit breakers, grounding, lightning protection, battery safety, electrical code compliance</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T0B"><b>T0B</b> Antenna installation; tower safety, overhead power lines</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=t2010:T0C"><b>T0C</b> RF hazards; radiation exposure, proximity to antennas, recognized safe power levels, exposure to others</a></li></ul>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1em"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011">2011 Exam Practice Test</a> - or - <span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.8em"><a href="javascript:void(0);"><font size="3"><b style="COLOR: green">study a specific sub-category </b><img id="ico_g2011" class="im" src="http://files.qrz.com/static/icons/16x16/add.png" width="16" height="16"></font></a></span>
<ul style="DISPLAY: none" id="sec_g2011"><b style="COLOR: green">Subject categories for General pool 2011</b>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G1A"><b>G1A</b> General Class control operator frequency privileges; primary and secondary allocations</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G1B"><b>G1B</b> Antenna structure limitations; good engineering and good amateur practice; beacon operation; restricted operation; retransmitting radio signals</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G1C"><b>G1C</b> Transmitter power regulations; data emission standards</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G1D"><b>G1D</b> Volunteer Examiners and Volunteer Examiner Coordinators; temporary identification</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G1E"><b>G1E</b> Control categories; repeater regulations; harmful interference; third party rules; ITU regions</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G2A"><b>G2A</b> Phone operating procedures; USB/LSB utilization conventions; procedural signals; breaking into a QSO in progress; VOX operation</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G2B"><b>G2B</b> Operating courtesy; band plans, emergencies, including drills and emergency communications</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G2C"><b>G2C</b> CW operating procedures and procedural signals, Q signals and common abbreviations; full break in</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G2D"><b>G2D</b> Amateur Auxiliary; minimizing interference; HF operations</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G2E"><b>G2E</b> Digital operating: procedures, procedural signals and common abbreviations</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G3A"><b>G3A</b> Sunspots and solar radiation; ionospheric disturbances; propagation forecasting and indices</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G3B"><b>G3B</b> Maximum Usable Frequency; Lowest Usable Frequency; propagation</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G3C"><b>G3C</b> Ionospheric layers; critical angle and frequency; HF scatter; Near Vertical Incidence Sky waves</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G4A"><b>G4A</b> Station Operation and setup</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G4B"><b>G4B</b> Test and monitoring equipment; two-tone test</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G4C"><b>G4C</b> Interference with consumer electronics; grounding; DSP</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G4D"><b>G4D</b> Speech processors; S meters; sideband operation near band edges</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G4E"><b>G4E</b> HF mobile radio installations; emergency and battery powered operation</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G5A"><b>G5A</b> Reactance; inductance; capacitance; impedance; impedance matching</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G5B"><b>G5B</b> The Decibel; current and voltage dividers; electrical power calculations; sine wave root-mean-square (RMS) values; PEP calculations</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G5C"><b>G5C</b> Resistors, capacitors and inductors in series and parallel; transformers</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G6A"><b>G6A</b> Resistors; capacitors; inductors</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G6B"><b>G6B</b> Rectifiers; solid state diodes and transistors; vacuum tubes; batteries</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G6C"><b>G6C</b> Analog and digital integrated circuits (IC's); microprocessors; memory; I/O devices; microwave IC's (MMIC's); display devices</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G7A"><b>G7A</b> Power supplies; schematic symbols</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G7B"><b>G7B</b> Digital circuits; amplifiers and oscillators</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G7C"><b>G7C</b> Receivers and transmitters; filters, oscillators</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G8A"><b>G8A</b> Carriers and modulation: AM; FM; single and double sideband; modulation envelope; overmodulation</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G8B"><b>G8B</b> Frequency mixing; multiplication; HF data communications; bandwidths of various modes; deviation</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G9A"><b>G9A</b> Antenna feed lines: characteristic impedance and attenuation; SWR calculation, measurement and effects; matching networks</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G9B"><b>G9B</b> Basic antennas</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G9C"><b>G9C</b> Directional antennas</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G9D"><b>G9D</b> Specialized antennas</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G0A"><b>G0A</b> RF safety principles, rules and guidelines; routine station evaluation</a></li>
<li class="ii"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=g2011:G0B"><b>G0B</b> Safety in the ham shack: electrical shock and treatment, safety grounding, fusing, interlocks, wiring, antenna and tower safety</a></li>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1em"><a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/?op=start&t=e2008">2008 Extra Exam Practice Test</a> - or - <span style="FONT-SIZE: 0.8em"><a href="javascript:void(0);"><font size="3"><b style="COLOR: green">study a specific sub-category </b><img id="ico_e2008" class="im" src="http://files.qrz.com/static/icons/16x16/add.png" width="16" height="16"></font></a></span> </p>
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<div>Fonte:<a href="http://www.qrz.com/ht/">http://www.qrz.com/ht/</a></div>