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<H1 class=firstHeading><FONT size=3><FONT face=Tahoma>
<P>Quando se fala de emissões em A1A, A3E, J3E ou F3E quanto sabem, ou deveriam
saber exactamente, ao que nos estamos a referir;</P></FONT></FONT></H1>
<H1 class=firstHeading>Emission Classification</H1>
<DIV id=bodyContent>
<H3><SPAN class=mw-headline><FONT face=Tahoma>What are they?</FONT></SPAN></H3>
<P><FONT face=Tahoma>Emission classification coding is designed to provide an
internationally recognised way of describing the essential characteristics of a
radio frequency transmission </FONT></P><A name=How_are_they_written.3F></A>
<H2><SPAN class=mw-headline><FONT face=Tahoma>How are they
written?</FONT></SPAN></H2>
<P><FONT face=Tahoma>Emission codes are usually written in the form XXXX 12345,
where; </FONT></P>
<UL>
<LI><FONT face=Tahoma>XXXX is used to describe the bandwidth. For example 750H
means 750 Hz, and 2K50 means 2.5KHz </FONT>
<LI><FONT face=Tahoma>12345 is used to describe the other 5 characteristics
listed below. Note that characteristics 4 and 5 are optional and are
frequently missing from emission codes. </FONT></LI></UL>
<UL>
<LI><FONT face=Tahoma>1 Modulation of the main carrier </FONT>
<LI><FONT face=Tahoma>2 The nature of the signals modulating the main carrier
</FONT>
<LI><FONT face=Tahoma>3 The type of information being transmitted </FONT>
<LI><FONT face=Tahoma>4 Details of signals </FONT>
<LI><FONT face=Tahoma>5 Nature of multiplexing </FONT></LI></UL>
<P><FONT face=Tahoma><BR></FONT></P><A name=Carrier_modulation></A>
<H3><SPAN class=mw-headline><FONT face=Tahoma>Carrier
modulation</FONT></SPAN></H3>
<TABLE border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>N</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Unmodulated carrier</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>A</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Double-sideband amplitude modulation </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>H</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Single-sideband with full carrier </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>R</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Single-sideband with reduced-carrier or variable
carrier</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>J</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Single-sideband with suppressed carrier</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>B</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Independent sideband (two sidebands containing
different signals)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>C</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Vestigial sideband e.g. NTSC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>F</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Frequency modulation </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>G</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Phase modulation</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>D</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Combination of AM and FM or PM</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>P</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Sequence of pulses without modulation</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>K</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Pulse amplitude modulation</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>L</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Pulse width modulation </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>M</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Pulse position modulation</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Q</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Sequence of pulses, phase or frequency modulation
within each pulse</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>V</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Combination of pulse modulation methods</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>W</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Combination of any of the above</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>X</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>None of the above</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><A
name=Nature_of_modulating_signals></A>
<H3><SPAN class=mw-headline><FONT face=Tahoma>Nature of modulating
signals</FONT></SPAN></H3>
<TABLE border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>0</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>No modulating signal</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>1</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>One channel containing digital information, no
subcarrier</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>2</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>One channel containing digital information, using a
subcarrier</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>3</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>One channel containing analogue
information</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>7</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>More than one channel containing digital
information</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>8</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>More than one channel containing analogue
information</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>9</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Combination of analogue and digital
channels</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>X</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>None of the above</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><A
name=Type_of_information_being_transmitted></A>
<H3><SPAN class=mw-headline><FONT face=Tahoma>Type of information being
transmitted</FONT></SPAN></H3>
<TABLE border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>N</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>No transmitted information</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>A</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Aural telegraphy, intended to be decoded by ear,
such as </FONT><A title="Morse code"
href="http://amateur-radio-wiki.net/index.php?title=Morse_code"><FONT
face=Tahoma>Morse code</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>B</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Electronic telegraphy, intended to be decoded by
machine ; Radioteletype and digital modes</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>C</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Facsimile </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>D</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Telemetry or Telecommand </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>E</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Telephony (voice) </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>F</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Video ; television signals</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>W</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Combination of any of the above</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>X</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>None of the above</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><A
name=Details_of_Signals></A>
<H3><SPAN class=mw-headline><FONT face=Tahoma>Details of
Signals</FONT></SPAN></H3>
<TABLE border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>A</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Two-condition code, elements vary in quantity and
duration</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>B</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Two-condition code, elements fixed in quantity and
duration</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>C</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Two-condition code, elements fixed in quantity and
duration, error-correction included</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>D</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Four-condition code, one condition per "signal
element"</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>E</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Multi-condition code, one condition per "signal
element"</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>F</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Multi-condition code, one character represented by
one or more conditions</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>G</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Monophonic broadcast-quality sound</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>H</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Stereophonic or quadraphonic broadcast-quality
sound</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>J</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Commercial-quality sound
(non-broadcast)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>K</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Commercial-quality sound—frequency inversion and-or
"band-splitting" employed</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>L</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Commercial-quality sound, independent FM signals,
such as pilot tones, used to control the demodulated signal</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>M</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Greyscale images or video</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>N</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Full-color images or video</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>W</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Combination of two or more of the above</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>X</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>None of the above</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><A
name=Nature_of_Multiplexing></A>
<H3><SPAN class=mw-headline><FONT face=Tahoma>Nature of
Multiplexing</FONT></SPAN></H3>
<TABLE border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>N</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>None used</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>C</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Code division multiplexing</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>F</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Frequency division multiplexing</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>T</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Time division multiplexing</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>W</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Combination of Frequency-division and
Time-division</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>X</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>None of the above</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><A
name=Commonly_used_Ham_Radio_emission_characteristics></A>
<H2><SPAN class=mw-headline><FONT face=Tahoma>Commonly used Ham Radio emission
characteristics</FONT></SPAN></H2>
<P><FONT face=Tahoma>Table 1 - Commonly used emission characteristics
</FONT></P>
<TABLE border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH vAlign=top>
<P><FONT face=Tahoma>Transmission mode </FONT></P></TH>
<TH vAlign=top align=middle colSpan=4><FONT face=Tahoma>Emission mode
coding examples </FONT></TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma></FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma><B>AM</B> </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma><B>SSB</B> </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma><B>FM</B> </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma><B>PM</B> </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR class=alt>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Morse </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>A1A<BR>A1B </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>J2A<BR>J2B </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>F1B<BR></FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>G1B<BR></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Speech </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>A3E </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>J3E </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>F3E </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>G3E </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR class=alt>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Data (packet) </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>A2D<BR>A1D </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>J2D<BR></FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>FID<BR>F2D </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>G1D<BR>G2D </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>RTTY </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>A2D </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>J2D </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>F2D </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>G2D </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR class=alt>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>Facsimile </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>A2C </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>J2C </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>F2C </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>G2F </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>FSTV </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>C3F<BR>A3F </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>J3F<BR></FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>F3F<BR></FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>G3F<BR></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR class=alt>
<TD><FONT face=Tahoma>SSTV </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>A2F<BR></FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>J2F<BR>J3F </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>F2F<BR>F3F </FONT></TD>
<TD align=middle><FONT face=Tahoma>G2F<BR>G3F
</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Tahoma></FONT> </DIV>
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