<br><br>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br><span class="gmail_quote">From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Carlos Mourato</b> <<a href="mailto:radiofarol@gmail.com">radiofarol@gmail.com</a>><br>Date: 20/03/2008 11:16<br>
Subject: condições solares<br>To: <a href="mailto:radiofarol@gmail.com">radiofarol@gmail.com</a><br><br></span><table style="width: 682px;" align="center" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2">
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/index.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">+ Home</a>
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<a href="http://hinode.msfc.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)"><font color="#ffffff"><b> + The Hinode Mission</b></font></a>
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THE SUN </font>
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/whysolar.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
Why We Study the Sun
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The Big Questions
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Magnetism - The Key
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SOLAR STRUCTURE </font>
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/interior.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
The Interior
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The Photosphere
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The Chromosphere
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The Transition Region
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The Corona
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The Solar Wind
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The Heliosphere
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SOLAR FEATURES </font>
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/feature1.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
Photospheric Features
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Chromospheric Features
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Coronal Features
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Solar Wind Features
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THE SUN IN ACTION </font>
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SunspotCycle.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
The Sunspot Cycle
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Solar Flares
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Post Flare Loops
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Coronal Mass Ejections
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Surface and Interior Flows
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/Helioseismology.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
Helioseismology
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THE MSFC SOLAR GROUP </font>
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/people.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
The People
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Their Papers
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Their Presentations
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RESEARCH AREAS </font>
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/flaremag.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
Flare Mechanisms
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3D Magnetic Fields
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The Solar Dynamo
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Solar Cycle Prediction
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Sunspot Database
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Coronal Heating
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Solar Wind Dynamics
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<p>
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PREVIOUS PROJECTS </font>
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/OSO.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
Orbiting Solar Obs.
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/Skylab.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
Skylab
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Solar Maximum Mission
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SpaceLab2.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
SpaceLab 2
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/MSSTA.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
MSSTA
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SXI.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
GOES SXI Instrument
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/Yohkoh.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
Yohkoh
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CURRENT PROJECTS </font>
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<a href="http://magnetograph.msfc.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
MSFC Magnetograph
</a>
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<a href="http://solarb.msfc.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
The Hinode Mission
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<a href="http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/stereo/main/index.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
The STEREO Mission
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<a href="http://hessi.ssl.berkeley.edu/" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
The RHESSI Mission
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<a href="http://helio.estec.esa.nl/ulysses/" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
The Ulysses Mission
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<a href="http://gong.nso.edu/" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
The GONG Project
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<a href="http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
The SOHO Mission
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<a href="http://vestige.lmsal.com/TRACE/" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
The TRACE Mission
</a>
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<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/suntime.htm" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
The Sun in Time (EPO)
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<br>
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FUTURE PROJECTS </font>
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<a href="http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
The SDO Mission
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<a href="http://solarprobe.gsfc.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
Solar Probe
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<a href="http://interstellar.jpl.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
Interstellar Probe
</a>
<br>
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<p align="center"><b><font face="sans-serif, Arial, Helvetica, Geneva" size="6">
Solar Cycle Prediction </font></b>
</p>
<p align="center"><b><font face="sans-serif, Arial, Helvetica, Geneva" size="4">
(Updated 2008/03/11) </font></b>
</p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="7" width="568"><tbody><tr><td valign="top">
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="120">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="252">
<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/images/ssn_predict_l.gif" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
<img src="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/images/ssn_predict.gif" alt="ssn_predict.gif (2208 bytes)" height="180" hspace="5" vspace="5" width="240"></a>
</td>
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<p align="center">
<em><font face="Arial" size="1">Click on image for larger version.</font></em>
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<p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
Predicting the behavior of a sunspot cycle is fairly reliable once the
cycle is well underway (about 3 years after the minimum in sunspot number occurs [see
<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/papers/hathadh/HathawayWilsonReichmann1994.pdf" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Hathaway, Wilson, and Reichmann
<i>Solar Physics</i>; <b>151</b>, 177 (1994)]</a>).
Prior to that time the predictions are less reliable but nonetheless equally as
important. Planning for satellite orbits and space missions often require knowledge of
solar activity levels years in advance.</font></p>
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
A number of techniques are used to predict the amplitude of a cycle during
the time near and before sunspot minimum. Relationships have been found between the size
of the next cycle maximum and the length of the previous cycle, the level of activity at
sunspot minimum, and the size of the previous cycle.
</font><p align="left">
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
Among the most reliable techniques
are those that use the measurements of changes in the Earth's magnetic field at, and
before, sunspot minimum. These changes in the Earth's magnetic field are known to be
caused by solar storms but the precise connections between them and future solar activity
levels is still uncertain.</font></font></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></font><p align="left">
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
Of these "geomagnetic precursor" techniques three stand out. The
earliest is from Ohl and Ohl [<i>Solar-Terrestrial Predictions Proceedings</i>, Vol. II.
258 (1979)] They found that the value of the geomagnetic <i>a</i> index at its minimum
was related to the sunspot number during the ensuing maximum. The primary disadvantage of
this technique is that the minimum in the geomagnetic <i>aa</i> index often occurs
slightly after sunspot minimum so the prediction isn't available until the sunspot cycle
has started.</font></font></font></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></font></font><p align="left">
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
An alternative method is due to Joan Feynman. She separates the
geomagnetic <i>aa</i> index into two components: one in phase with and proportional to
the sunspot number, the other component is then the remaining signal. She found that this
remaining signal faithfully represents the sunspot numbers several years in advance. The
maximum in this signal occurs at sunspot minimum and is proportional to the sunspot number
during the following maximum. This method does allow for a prediction of the next sunspot
maximum at the time of sunspot minimum.</font></font></font></font></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></font></font></font><p align="left">
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
A third method is due to Richard Thompson [<i>Solar Physics</i> <b>148</b>,
383 (1993)]. He found a relationship between the number of days during a sunspot cycle in
which the geomagnetic field was "disturbed" and the amplitude of the next
sunspot maximum. His method has the advantage of giving a prediction for the size of the
next sunspot maximum well before sunspot minimum.</font></font></font></font></font></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></font></font></font></font><p align="left">
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
We have employed these methods along with several others to determine the
size of the next sunspot cycle using a technique that weights the different predictions by
their reliability. [See <a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/papers/hathadh/HathawayWilsonReichmann1999.pdf" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
Hathaway, Wilson, and Reichmann <i>J. Geophys. Res.</i> <b>104</b>, 22,375 (1999)</a>]
This analysis indicated (by mid-1996) a maximum sunspot number of
about 154 ± 21. We then use the shape of the sunspot cycle as described by Hathaway,
Wilson, and Reichmann [<i>Solar Physics</i> <b>151</b>, 177 (1994)] and
determine a starting time for the cycle by fitting the data to produce a prediction of the
monthly sunspot numbers through the next cycle. We find a starting time of July 1996 with
minimum occuring in October 1996. The predicted numbers are available in a <a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/images/ssn_predict.txt" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">text file</a>, as a <a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/images/ssn_predict_l.gif" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">GIF
image</a>, and as a <a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/images/ssn_predict.ps" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Postscript file</a>. As the cycle
progresses, the prediction process switches over to giving more weight to the fitting of
the monthly values to the cycle shape function. At this phase of cycle 23 we
now give full weight to the curve-fitting technique of Hathaway, Wilson, and
Reichmann <i>Solar Physics</i> <b>151</b>, 177 (1994). The
two parameters for this fit (cycle amplitude and cycle starting time) have
remained unchanged since early 1999.</font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></font></font></font></font></font><p align="left">
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
<b>Note: These predictions are for "smoothed" International
Sunspot Numbers. The smoothing is usually over time periods of about a year or more so
both the daily and the monthly values for the International Sunspot Number should
fluctuate about our predicted numbers. Also note that the "Boulder" numbers
reported daily at <a href="http://www.spaceweather.com/" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">www.spaceweather.com</a> are
typically about 35% higher than the International sunspot number</b>.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></font></font></font></font></font></font><p align="left">
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
Another indicator of the level of solar activity is the flux of radio
emission from the Sun at a wavelength of 10.7 cm (2.8 GHz frequency). This flux has been
measured daily since 1947. It is an important indicator of solar activity because it tends
to follow the changes in the solar ultraviolet that influence the Earth's upper atmosphere
and ionosphere. Many models of the upper atmosphere use the 10.7 cm flux (F10.7) as input
to determine atmospheric densities and satellite drag. F10.7 has been shown to follow the
sunspot number quite closely and similar prediction techniques can be used. Our
predictions for F10.7 are available in a <a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/images/f107_predict.txt" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">text file</a>,
as a <a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/images/f107_predict.gif" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">GIF image</a>, and as a <a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/images/f107_predict.ps" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Postscript file</a>. Current values for F10.7 can be found
at: <a href="http://www.drao.nrc.ca/icarus/www/sol_home.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">http://www.drao.nrc.ca/icarus/www/sol_home.shtml</a>.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center"><tbody><tr>
<td valign="top"><p align="center"><b><font face="Arial" size="2">Solar Cycle Predictions Web Links</font></b></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p align="center"><b><font face="arial,helvetica" size="2">
<a href="http://sidc.oma.be/index.php3" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Solar Influences Data Analysis Center</a>
</font></b></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p align="center"><b><font face="arial,helvetica" size="2">
<a href="http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/greenwch.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Royal Greenwich Observatory/USAF/NOAA Sunspot Record 1874-2007</a>
</font></b></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p align="center"><b><font face="arial,helvetica" size="2">
<a href="http://www.sec.noaa.gov/info/Cycle23.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Solar Cycle 23 Panel:
Summary of Panel Findings</a>
</font></b></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p align="center"><b><font face="arial,helvetica" size="2">
<a href="http://www.sec.noaa.gov/SolarCycle/SC24/index.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Solar Cycle 24 Panel:
Summary of Panel Findings</a>
</font></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table><br><span><br><br>SPACE
WEATHER</span><br>
<span>Current conditions</span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="4" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span><b>Solar wind</b><br>
speed:
<b>551.2
</b>
km/sec <br>
density:
<b>2.8
</b>
protons/cm<sup>3</sup><br>
</span><span><a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/solarwinddata.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">explanation</a>
| <a href="http://www.sec.noaa.gov/ace/MAG_SWEPAM_24h.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">more data</a><br>
</span><span>Updated: Today at
1056
UT</span><img alt="">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="12" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span><b>X-ray Solar Flares</b><br>
6-hr max: <b>
A0
</b> </span><span>
1055
UT
Mar20
</span><span><br>
24-hr: <b>
A0
</b> </span><span>
1055
UT
Mar20
</span><img alt=""><span><br>
</span><span><a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/flareclasses.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">explanation</a>
| <a href="http://www.sec.noaa.gov/rt_plots/xray_5m.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">more data</a><br>
</span><span>Updated: Today at:
1055
UT </span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="14" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/gray_gradient_line.jpg" height="1" width="163">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="7" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>Daily Sun: 20 Mar 08</span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="7" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="http://www.spaceweather.com/images2008/20mar08/midi512_blank.gif?PHPSESSID=aio6tvvvchaq53lq75epjje575" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)"><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images2008/20mar08/midi163.gif" border="0" height="163" width="163"></a>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="7" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>The sun is blank--no sunspots. Credit:
SOHO/MDI</span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="14" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/red_gradient_band.jpg" height="8" width="163">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="14" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span><b>Sunspot number: <font color="#006699">
0
</font></b></span> <br>
<span><a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/sunspotnumber.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">What
is the sunspot number?<br>
</a></span><span>Updated 19 Mar 2008</span><span><a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/sunspotnumber.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
</a></span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="7" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/gray_gradient_line.jpg" height="1" width="163">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="14" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>Far side of the Sun:</span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="7" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="http://www.spaceweather.com/images2008/17mar08/midi_farside_blank.gif?PHPSESSID=aio6tvvvchaq53lq75epjje575" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)"><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images2008/17mar08/midi_farside_163.gif" border="0" height="82" width="163"></a>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="7" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>This <a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/farside.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">holographic
image</a> reveals no sunspots on the far side of the sun. </span><span>
Image credit: SOHO/MDI</span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="14" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/gray_gradient_line.jpg" height="1" width="163">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="8" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span><b>Planetary K-index</b><br>
Now: <strong>Kp=<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
1 </font> </strong> <font color="#009966">quiet</font><br>
24-hr max: <strong> Kp=
3 </strong></span><span> <font color="#009966">quiet</font><br>
</span><span><a href="http://www.spaceweather.com/glossary/kp.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">explanation</a>
| <a href="http://www.sec.noaa.gov/rt_plots/kp_3d.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">more data<br>
</a></span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="12" width="12"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/gray_gradient_line.jpg" height="1" width="163">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="12" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>Current Auroral Oval:</span>
<div><a href="http://www.sec.noaa.gov/pmap/gif/pmapN.gif" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)"><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/POES_PICS/poes_image_20080320.gif" border="0" height="163" width="163"></a></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="7" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>Switch to: <a>Europe</a></span><span>,
<a>USA</a></span><span>,
<a>New Zealand</a></span><span></span><span>,
<a>Antarctica</a></span><span></span><br>
<span> Credit: NOAA/POES</span><br>
<span><a href="http://www.northern-lights.no/english/what/oval.shtml" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">What
is the auroral oval?</a></span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="5" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/gray_gradient_line.jpg" height="1" width="163">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="12" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span><b>Interplanetary Mag. Field</b><br>
B<sub>total</sub>: <b>4.2
</b> nT<br>
B<sub>z</sub>: <b>1.9
</b> nT <b>south
</b><br>
</span><span><a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/imf.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">explanation</a>
| <a href="http://www.sec.noaa.gov/ace/MAG_24h.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">more data</a><br>
</span><span>Updated: Today at
1057
UT </span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="14" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>Coronal Holes:</span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="7" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="http://www.spaceweather.com/images2008/20mar08/coronalhole_soho_blank.gif?PHPSESSID=aio6tvvvchaq53lq75epjje575" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)"><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images2008/20mar08/coronalhole_soho_163.gif" border="0" height="163" width="163"></a>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="7" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>There are no well-defined coronal holes
on the Earth-facing side of the sun. Credit:SOHO Extreme UV Telescope</span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="14" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/red_gradient_band.jpg" height="8" width="163">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="14" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="76%"><span>SPACE WEATHER<br>
</span><span>NOAA Forecasts</span></td>
<td valign="top" width="24%">
<div align="right"><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/corner_sunbeams.gif" height="45" width="47"></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="6" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="6" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>Updated at:
2008 Mar 19 2203 UTC
</span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="6" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table bgcolor="#fffff0" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="80" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="40%">
<div align="center">FLARE</div>
</td>
<td width="30%">
<div align="center">0-24 hr</div>
</td>
<td width="30%">
<div align="center">24-48 hr</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">CLASS
M</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">
01
%</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">01
%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">CLASS
X</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">01
%</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">01
%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="14" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/gray_gradient_line.jpg" height="1" width="163">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="7" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>Geomagnetic Storms:<br>
</span><span>Probabilities for significant
disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels:
<a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/geostorm.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">active</a>, <a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/geostorm.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">minor
storm</a>, <a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/geostorm.html" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">severe
storm</a></span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="6" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>Updated at:
2008 Mar 19 2203 UTC
</span>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="12" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>Mid-latitudes </span>
<table bgcolor="#fffff0" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="100" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="40%">
<br></td>
<td width="30%">
<div align="center">0-24 hr</div>
</td>
<td width="30%">
<div align="center">24-48 hr</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">ACTIVE</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">05
%</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">05
%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">MINOR</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">01
%</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">01
%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">SEVERE</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">01
%</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">01
%</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td><img src="http://www.spaceweather.com/images/spacer.gif" height="12" width="10"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span>High latitudes </span>
<table bgcolor="#fffff0" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="100" width="100%"><tbody><tr>
<td width="40%">
<br></td>
<td width="30%">
<div align="center">0-24 hr</div>
</td>
<td width="30%">
<div align="center">24-48 hr</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">ACTIVE</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">05
%</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">05
%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">MINOR</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">01
%</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">01
%</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div align="center">SEVERE</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">01
%</div>
</td>
<td>
<div align="center">01
%</div></td></tr></tbody></table><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Best 73 from:<br>regards from:<br>CT4RK<br>Carlos Mourato<br>Sines <br><br> Antes de imprimir este e-mail, pense que estará a gastar papel e tinta. Proteja o ambiente<br>
<br>-----------------------------------------------------------<br>Este e-mail destina-se a fornecer informações de utilidade para os destinatarios referidos, e não poderá ser considerado SPAM.<br>Se não desejar receber mais informações deste emissor, responda a este mail com -REMOVER- no campo "ASSUNTO", ou bloqueando o emissor deste mail, nas suas configurações de privacidade.<br>
Esta mensagem está de acordo com a legislação Europeia sobre o envio<br>de mensagens (Directiva 2000/31/CE do Parlamento Europeu; Relatório<br>A5-0270/2001 do Parlamento Europeu).
<br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Best 73 from:<br>regards from:<br>CT4RK<br>Carlos Mourato<br>Sines <br><br> Antes de imprimir este e-mail, pense que estará a gastar papel e tinta. Proteja o ambiente<br><br>-----------------------------------------------------------<br>
Este e-mail destina-se a fornecer informações de utilidade para os destinatarios referidos, e não poderá ser considerado SPAM.<br>Se não desejar receber mais informações deste emissor, responda a este mail com -REMOVER- no campo "ASSUNTO", ou bloqueando o emissor deste mail, nas suas configurações de privacidade.<br>
Esta mensagem está de acordo com a legislação Europeia sobre o envio<br>de mensagens (Directiva 2000/31/CE do Parlamento Europeu; Relatório<br>A5-0270/2001 do Parlamento Europeu).