<div>Caros colegas</div>
<div>Cá vão as previsões solares para hoje. 43 manchas solares!...Tá a melhorar...O que é preciso é que não apareçam flares, senão estragam tudo. mas ao que parece, existe 25% de probablidades de ocorrerem flares da classe &quot;M&quot;, e 20% de ocorrencia de tempestades geomagnéticas, o que anula o razoável SSN de 43, pois flares &quot;M&quot; já deitam abaixo um bom bocado a propagação em HF.
</div>
<div>Chamo a atenção de que a actividade solar nada tem a ver com a propagação em VHF e frequencias mais elevadas. Esporádicamente a camada &quot;E&quot; pode ser influenciada pela actividade solar, em determinadas epocas do ano, e dar origem à chamada exporádica &quot;E&quot;. Fora isso, estes dados são válidos exclusivamente para frequencias até cerca de 35MHz, em condições normais. Varios tem sido os colegas que relacionam estes dados com propagação em 2m ou mesmo 70cm, e quero aqui recordar, que isso está errado.
</div>
<div>A propagação em VHF, em condições normais, é condicionada por obstaculos, e principalmente por diferenças de temperatura. O alcance em linha de vista é garantido e só se escuta para alem da linha de vista, através de fenómenos de reflexão, refracção ou ainda por efeito de alguma conduta troposférica motivada por fenómenos de temperatura na atmosfera. A refracção pode acontecer principalmente em dois casos. Pode acontecer se a onda atravessar camadas atmosféricas com temperaturas diferentes, ou por refracção em obstáculos, sendo o mais normal, o caso dos cumes das serras. O caso das condutas troposféricas é um caso particular de refracção, em que se dão multiplas refracções. com direcção alternada, quando a onda entra numa zona fria, situada entre 2 zonas mais quentes.
</div>
<div>Como tal espero que os colegas que tinham duvidas, entendam que em condições normais, os dados solares nada teem a ver com a propagação em VHF e superiores.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>73 de CT4RK.</div>
<div><br clear="all">&nbsp;</div>
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<td valign="top" width="163"><span class="spaceweatherLeftColumnCapsText">SPACE WEATHER</span><br><span class="currentConditionsText">Current conditions</span> 
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<td><img height="4" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="solarWindText"><b>Solar wind</b><br>speed: <b>598.6 </b>km/sec<br>density: <b>1.7 </b>protons/cm³<br></span><span class="solarWindExplanationText"><a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/solarwinddata.html">explanation</a> | <a href="http://www.sec.noaa.gov/ace/MAG_SWEPAM_24h.html">more data</a><br></span><span class="solarWindUpdatedText">
Updated: Today at 1717 UT </span>
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<td><img height="12" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="solarWindText"><b>X-ray Solar Flares</b><br>6-hr max: <b>B3 </b></span><span class="solarWindUpdatedText">
1325 UT Dec11 </span><span class="solarWindText"><br>24-hr: <b>B3 </b></span><span class="solarWindUpdatedText">1325 UT Dec11 </span><span class="solarWindText"><br></span><span class="solarWindExplanationText"><a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/flareclasses.html">
explanation</a> | <a href="http://www.sec.noaa.gov/rt_plots/xray_5m.html">more data</a><br></span><span class="solarWindUpdatedText">Updated: Today at: 1710 UT </span>
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<td><img height="14" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><img height="1" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/gray_gradient_line.jpg" width="163"> 
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<td><img height="7" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="dailySunTitleText">Daily Sun: 11 Dec 07</span> 
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<td><img height="7" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><a href="http://spaceweather3.com/images2007/11dec07/midi512_blank.gif?PHPSESSID=j9ck2pbf4f2ud9tfvovkbr0qd6"><img height="163" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images2007/11dec07/midi163.gif" width="163" border="0">
</a> 
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<td><img height="7" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="dailySunCaptionText">Sunspot 978 is large but it does not pose a threat for strong solar flares. Credit: SOHO/MDI
</span> 
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<td><img height="14" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><img height="8" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/red_gradient_band.jpg" width="163"> 
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<td><img height="14" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="solarWindText"><b>Sunspot number: <font color="#006699">43 </font></b></span><br><span class="solarWindExplanationText">
<a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/sunspotnumber.html">What is the sunspot number?<br></a></span><span class="solarWindUpdatedText">Updated 10 Dec 2007 </span><span class="solarWindExplanationText"><a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/sunspotnumber.html">
</a></span>
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<td><img height="7" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><img height="1" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/gray_gradient_line.jpg" width="163"> 
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<td><img height="14" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="dailySunTitleText">Far side of the Sun:</span> 
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<td><img height="7" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><a href="http://spaceweather3.com/images2007/07dec07/midi_farside_blank.gif?PHPSESSID=j9ck2pbf4f2ud9tfvovkbr0qd6">
<img height="82" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images2007/07dec07/midi_farside_163.gif" width="163" border="0"></a> 
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<td><img height="7" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="dailySunCaptionText">This <a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/farside.html">holographic image</a>
 shows no large sunspots on the farside of the sun. Image credit: SOHO/MDI</span> 
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<td><img height="14" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><img height="1" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/gray_gradient_line.jpg" width="163"> 
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<td><img height="8" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="solarWindText"><b>Planetary K-index</b><br>Now: <strong>Kp=<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
 2 </font></strong><font color="#009966">quiet</font><br>24-hr max: <strong>Kp= 4 </strong></span><span class="solarWindText"><font color="#ff9900">unsettled</font><br></span><span class="solarWindExplanationText"><a href="http://www.spaceweather.com/glossary/kp.html">
explanation</a> | <a href="http://www.sec.noaa.gov/rt_plots/kp_3d.html">more data<br></a></span>
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<td><img height="12" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="12"></td></tr></tbody></table><img height="1" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/gray_gradient_line.jpg" width="163"> 
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<td><img height="12" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="dailySunTitleText">Current Auroral Oval:</span> 
<div id="poes_image"><a href="http://www.sec.noaa.gov/pmap/gif/pmapN.gif"><img height="163" src="http://spaceweather3.com/POES_PICS/poes_image_20071211.gif" width="163" border="0"></a></div>
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<p><span class="SolarWindText">Switch to: <a href="javascript:setPOESEurope()">Europe</a></span><span class="SolarWindText">, <a href="javascript:setPOESUS()">USA</a></span><span class="SolarWindText">, <a href="javascript:setPOESAustralia()">
New Zealand</a></span><span class="SolarWindText"><a href="javascript:setPOESUS()"></a></span><span class="SolarWindText">, <a href="javascript:setPOESAntarctica()">Antarctica</a></span><span class="SolarWindText"></span>
<br><span class="SolarWindText">Credit: NOAA/POES</span><span class="SolarWindText"><br></span><span class="solarWindUpdatedText">Updated: </span><br><span class="solarWindExplanationText"><a href="http://www.northern-lights.no/english/what/oval.shtml">
What is the auroral oval?</a></span> 
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<td><img height="15" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><img height="1" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/gray_gradient_line.jpg" width="163"> 
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<td><img height="12" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="solarWindText"><b>Interplanetary Mag. Field</b><br>B_total: <b>5.5 </b>nT<br>B_z
: <b>1.5 </b>nT <b>south </b><br></span><span class="solarWindExplanationText"><a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/imf.html">explanation</a> | <a href="http://www.sec.noaa.gov/ace/MAG_24h.html">more data</a><br></span>
<span class="solarWindUpdatedText">Updated: Today at 1717 UT </span>
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<td><img height="14" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="dailySunTitleText">Coronal Holes:</span> 
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<td><img height="7" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><a href="http://spaceweather3.com/images2007/09dec07/coronalhole_hinode_blank.jpg?PHPSESSID=j9ck2pbf4f2ud9tfvovkbr0qd6">
<img height="163" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images2007/09dec07/coronalhole_hinode_163.gif" width="163" border="0"></a> 
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<td><img height="7" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="dailySunCaptionText">Earth is inside a solar wind stream flowing from the indicated coronal hole. Credit: Hinode X-ray Telescope
</span> 
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<td width="76%"><span class="noaaSpaceweatherText">SPACE WEATHER<br></span><span class="noaaForecastsText">NOAA Forecasts</span></td>
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<div align="right"><img height="45" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/corner_sunbeams.gif" width="47"></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<td><img height="6" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<td><img height="6" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="solarWindUpdatedText">Updated at: 2007 Dec 10 2204 UTC </span>
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<div class="solarFlaresTableColumnTitleText" align="center">FLARE</div></td>
<td width="30%">
<div class="solarflares48hrColumnTitleText" align="center">0-24 hr</div></td>
<td width="30%">
<div class="solarflares48hrColumnTitleText" align="center">24-48 hr</div></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableColumnTitleText" align="center">CLASS M</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">15 %</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">15 %</div></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableColumnTitleText" align="center">CLASS X</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">01 %</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">01 %</div></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<td><img height="14" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><img height="1" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/gray_gradient_line.jpg" width="163"> 
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<td><img height="7" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="solarFlaresBoldText">Geomagnetic Storms:<br></span><span class="solarFlaresDescriptionText">Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth&#39;s magnetic field are given for three activity levels: 
<a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/geostorm.html">active</a>, <a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/geostorm.html">minor storm</a>, <a href="http://spaceweather.com/glossary/geostorm.html">severe storm</a></span>
 
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<td><img height="6" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="solarWindUpdatedText">Updated at: 2007 Dec 10 2204 UTC </span>
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<td><img height="12" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="geostormsTableTitleText">Mid-latitudes </span>
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<td width="40%">
<div align="center"></div></td>
<td width="30%">
<div class="solarflares48hrColumnTitleText" align="center">0-24 hr</div></td>
<td width="30%">
<div class="solarflares48hrColumnTitleText" align="center">24-48 hr</div></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableColumnTitleText" align="center">ACTIVE</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">20 %</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">20 %</div></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableColumnTitleText" align="center">MINOR</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">15 %</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">15 %</div></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableColumnTitleText" align="center">SEVERE</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">05 %</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">05 %</div></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<td><img height="12" src="http://spaceweather3.com/images/spacer.gif" width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><span class="geostormsTableTitleText">High latitudes </span>
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<td width="40%">
<div align="center"></div></td>
<td width="30%">
<div class="solarflares48hrColumnTitleText" align="center">0-24 hr</div></td>
<td width="30%">
<div class="solarflares48hrColumnTitleText" align="center">24-48 hr</div></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableColumnTitleText" align="center">ACTIVE</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">25 %</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">25 %</div></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableColumnTitleText" align="center">MINOR</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">15 %</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">15 %</div></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableColumnTitleText" align="center">SEVERE</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">06 %</div></td>
<td>
<div class="solarFlaresTableDatumText" align="center">06 %</div></td></tr></tbody></table></p></td></tr></tbody></table></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" align="left"><br>-- <br>Best 73 from:<br>regards from:<br>CT4RK<br>Carlos Mourato<br>Sines <br><br>Antes de imprimir este e-mail, pense que estará a gastar papel e tinta. Proteja o ambiente
<br><br>-----------------------------------------------------------<br>Este e-mail destina-se a fornecer informações de utilidade para os destinatarios referidos, e não poderá ser considerado SPAM.<br>Se não desejar receber mais informações deste emissor, responda a este mail com -REMOVER- no campo &quot;ASSUNTO&quot;, ou bloqueando o emissor deste mail, nas suas configurações de privacidade.
<br>Esta mensagem está de acordo com a legislação Europeia sobre o envio<br>de mensagens (Directiva 2000/31/CE do Parlamento Europeu; Relatório<br>A5-0270/2001 do Parlamento Europeu). </p>