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<DIV><FONT face=Verdana size=2><SPAN class=691562415-16112006>Bom dia estimados
colegas junto envio mais uma parte da <U>Introdução as
Telecomunicações.</U></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana size=2><SPAN
class=691562415-16112006></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana size=2><SPAN
class=691562415-16112006></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana size=2><SPAN
class=691562415-16112006></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana size=2><SPAN
class=691562415-16112006> ------------------------------------------</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana size=2><SPAN
class=691562415-16112006></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=330120612-20112006><FONT face=Verdana color=#0000ff size=2>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 56.6pt"><A name=_Toc493926986></A><A
name=_Toc467061635></A><A name=_Toc465685037></A><A name=_Toc465684652><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685037"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061635"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493926986"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">12 </SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3>Novo plano de
numeração</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">O plano nacional de numeração
telefónica em Portugal é regulamentado pelo ICP- Instituto das Comunicações de
Português. Este organismo também regula todas as normas relacionadas com as
telecomunicações em Portugal como as interligações entre operadores, regulação
de preços (não faz sentido numa economia aberta!). Este organismo é ainda
responsável pela gestão do espectro radioeléctrico de Portugal. <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A seguir segue a descrição do plano
nacional de numeração publicado pelo ICP.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493926987><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Princípios Básicos do Novo Plano de
Numeração</FONT></A></H2>
<P class=Index style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 3pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 9pt; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 6pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-element: para-border-div; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">
<P class=MsoNormal
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 0cm 9.0pt 3.0pt"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">A simplicidade do novo plano de numeração nacional é
evidente, desde que se considerem alguns princípios básicos, que são os
seguintes:<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 0cm 9.0pt 3.0pt"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><BR><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">1. Os números de telefone passam a ter 9 algarismos. Esta
alteração é comum a todos os serviços de telecomunicações: serviço fixo, móvel,
dados, audiotexto, números verdes e ‘pagers’. Uma das excepções são os números
curtos de emergência, como o 112 (emergência) ou o 117 (protecção às florestas).
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 0cm 9.0pt 3.0pt"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><BR><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">2. Os indicativos passam a ser sempre marcados, esteja
onde estiver. À imagem do que sucedeu em outros países europeus, o novo plano de
numeração será um plano fechado. Tal significa que o número passa a incorporar
sempre o indicativo. Por isso mesmo, ele terá sempre de ser marcado, ainda que a
chamada tenha origem na mesma rede ou área geográfica. Este princípio aplica-se
a todos os serviços de telecomunicações. <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 0cm 9.0pt 3.0pt"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><BR><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">3. Os zeros que actualmente iniciam todos os indicativos
desaparecem e são substituídos por outros algarismos, de 2 a 9. Assim, o 2
identificará sempre serviços da rede fixa; o 6 os serviços de dados e de
audiotexto, o 7 as redes privativas de voz, entre outros, o 8 as chamadas
grátis, os serviços de chamadas grátis com origem em postos públicos e os
serviços de chamadas com custos partilhados e o 9 as comunicações móveis. As
chamadas para o estrangeiro não sofrem alteração.
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 0cm 9.0pt 3.0pt"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Mas há excepções. Nos telefones móveis não é apenas o
zero inicial que desaparece. O 3 que está a seguir ao 9 no indicativo também
cai. Por isso, a 0931 passa a 91, a 0933 passa a 93 e o 0936 passa a 96. <BR>No
paging só desaparece o zero. Por isso, a 0941 passa a 941, a 0943 passa a 943 e
o 0944 passa a 944. <BR>O mesmo se aplica ao trunking e ao serviço móvel
marítimo, que vêem apenas o zero inicial desaparecer dos seus indicativos.
<BR>Nos números para acesso aos serviços de transmissão de dados, incluindo os
servidores de Internet, para além de desaparecer o zero inicial acrescentam-se
três zeros no final, de modo a que o critério dos nove algarismos seja
cumprido.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 0cm 9.0pt 3.0pt"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><BR><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">4. As chamadas internacionais não sofrem alterações. Daí
que as chamadas para o estrangeiro continuem a seguir exactamente os mesmos
procedimentos. No sentido inverso, contudo, será necessário aplicar os
princípios do novo plano de numeração e marcar, depois do prefixo de acesso
internacional e do indicativo de país, o mesmo número que marcaria se estivesse
a ligar de Portugal. <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 0cm 9.0pt 3.0pt"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>5. O novo Plano de Numeração não provocará nenhuma alteração
tarifária</FONT><A name=_Toc465685038></A><A name=_Toc465684653><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685038"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>.</FONT></SPAN></A></I><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684653"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685038"></SPAN></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684653"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685038"><A
name=_Toc467061636><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></A></SPAN></SPAN></P><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 56.6pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684653"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685038"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061636"><A
name=_Toc493926988><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">13 </SPAN></SPAN><FONT
size=3>Sinalização</FONT></FONT></FONT></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Numa rede telefónica inúmeras
chamadas telefónicas circulam em simultâneo. <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="COLOR: black">Nem sempre é possível atingir
o destino de forma directa, pois a ligação entre os dois pode estar completa e
não permitir mais chamadas, pelo que o comutador tem que encontrar um caminho
alternativo. Para permitir que as chamadas fluam sem falhas é preciso ter um
plano alternativo de encaminhamento</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">.
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></B></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493926989></A><A
name=_Toc467061637></A><A name=_Toc465685039></A><A name=_Toc465684654><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685039"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061637"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493926989"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>High Performance Routing</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=WW-BodyText2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Apenas um ou dois caminhos existem para
efectuar a chamada. Estas opções estão programadas no comutador, permitindo a
escolha imediata do caminho alternativo quando o principal não está disponível.
Apenas existe bloqueio quando os caminhos alternativos estão
ocupados.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493926990></A><A
name=_Toc467061638></A><A name=_Toc465685040></A><A name=_Toc465684655><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685040"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061638"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493926990"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Sinalização de rede</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3><IMG height=114
src="cid:330120612@20112006-10AD" width=226 v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A sinalização é usada para os vários
elementos de rede comunicarem. Por exemplo os tons DTMF, os tons que se ouvem no
telefone marcar, ocupado, chamar etc.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493926991><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Sinalização In-Band</FONT></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent2
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Sinalização In-Band é aquela que é enviada no canal onde circula a
informação, pode referir-se a titulo de exemplo a sinalização DTMF.</FONT></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></H3>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493926992><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Sinalização Out-Band</FONT></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Sinalização Out-Band<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>é enviada num canal externo ao canal
onde circula a informação, pode ser dado como exemplo o sistema RDIS em que
existem 2 canais de dados e um reservado a sinalização. Um exemplo simples são
os impulsos telefónicos para taxação local, o sinal de voz usado no sistema
telefónico está entre os 300Hz e os 3400Hz os impulsos de taxação são de
12KHz.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>De notar que estes impulsos são gerados no
ponto de acesso onde está ligado o chamador.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493926993></A><A
name=_Toc467061639></A><A name=_Toc465685041></A><A name=_Toc465684656><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685041"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061639"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493926993"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Sinalização Digital num canal E1</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=WW-BodyText2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=136
src="cid:330120612@20112006-10B4" width=232 v:shapes="_x0000_i1028"></FONT></P>
<P class=WW-BodyText2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=WW-BodyText2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A informação como no descanso, fora do
descanso é enviada com o sinal de voz sobre a mesma ligação física. O destino
recebe a sinalização e processa-a.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Uma ligação E1 tem um ritmo de 2.048Mbps é
constituído por 32 canais de 64Kbits. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Este consegue transportar 32 canais de
64Kbps em que um dos canais é reservado para sinalização e um para marcar o
inicio da trama, sobram deste modo 30 canais de voz.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=209
src="cid:330120612@20112006-10BB" width=319 v:shapes="_x0000_i1029"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></B></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493926994></A><A
name=_Toc467061640></A><A name=_Toc465685042></A><A name=_Toc465684657><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685042"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061640"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493926994"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Sinalização de canal comum</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Para permitir a comunicação entre
comutadores foi desenvolvido um protocolo de sinalização que permite a estes
comunicar, este passa informação para estabelecer terminar, chamadas o número
dos assinantes.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Este protocolo foi estabelecido em 1984
pelo CCITT, foi aprovado para ser usado internacionalmente usado sobre redes
telefónicas. Este sistema é conhecido por CCS7 ou SS7. As ligações de
sinalização têm um ritmo de 64Kbps </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Quando uma chamada é iniciada, o comutador
usa a ligação SS7 para determinar se o destino está ocupado ou livre. Se o
telefone estiver ocupado esta informação é recebida através de SS7, isto resulta
no sinal de ocupado no chamador. Se livre A SS7 passa esta informação para a
origem e o caminho é estabelecido através das linhas de transmissão, até a
chamada ser terminada.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 50.15pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493926995></A><A
name=_Toc467061641></A><A name=_Toc465685043></A><A name=_Toc465684658><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685043"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061641"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493926995"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Vantagens da sinalização SS7</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Aumenta a eficiência da rede telefónica
melhorando a utilização dos canais de voz disponíveis.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Processamento de chamadas mais
rápido.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Capacidade de recolher informação de rede,
como a origem do chamador, serviços extra, como callback ou automatic
recall.</FONT></P>
<P class=WW-BodyText2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 56.6pt"><A name=_Toc493926996><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">14 </SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3>Novos Sistemas de
transporte de Voz</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Actualmente para reduzir a largura de banda ocupada por um canal
de voz recorre-se ao processamento dos dados gerados, a estes são aplicados
algoritmos de compressão de forma a reduzir a quantidade de dados
transmitidos.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Com isto consegue-se colocar mais de um canal de voz sobre uma
ligação de 64Kbps. Dependendo do método usado para a transmissão este tipo de
codificação pode aparecer com os nomes de: </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">VoIP</SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>– Voice Over IP
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">VoFR</SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>– Voice Over Frame Relay
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">VoATM</B> <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>– Voice Over ATM </FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">VoMPLS</B> <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>– Voice Over MPLS (protocolo emergente)
etc.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Nestes sistemas o trafego de voz é transmitido por meio de
pacotes, em que todos partilham o mesmo meio de transmissão. Como se pretende
ilustrar na seguinte figura. Para garantir a qualidade de serviço de voz numa
rede de transmissão por pacotes, esta deve possuir mecanismos de controlo de
qualidade, sendo as redes ATM aquelas que implementam de forma mais eficaz estes
mecanismos.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=159 src="cid:330120612@20112006-10C2" width=477
v:shapes="_x0000_i1030"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Os sistemas digitais não permitem transmitir apenas voz mas também
podem transmitir imagens, vídeo implementar serviços de videoconferência. Para
optimizar o uso da largura de banda disponível e normalizar o processo de
sinalização entre os equipamentos envolvidos o ITU – International
Telecommunication Union, definiu algumas normas para compressão de voz, vídeo e
sinalização destas destacam-se:</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>H.320 - Standard de videoconferência sobre
ISDN.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>H.323 – Extensão da H.320 para videoconferência sobre uma rede
local inclui os seguintes standard:</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>H.225 – Protocolo de controlo de chamada
</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>H.245 – Protocolo para controlo do meio
</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>H.261 – Codificador de vídeo para velocidades superiores a 64kbps
</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>H.263 – Codificador de vídeo para velocidades inferiores a 64kbps
</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>G.711 – Codificador áudio PCM para velocidades 56/64 Kbps
</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>G.722 – Codificador áudio para 7KHz de largura de banda a 48/56/64
Kbps </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>G:722 – Codificador áudio para 7KHz a 24
ou32Kbits.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>G.723 – Codificador de voz para 5.3 e 6.4
Kbps</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>G.726 – Codificador de voz ADPCM de 40, 32, 24,
16Kbits</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>G.728 – Codificador de voz para 3.1KHz a 16 Kbps
</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>G.729 – Codificador de voz para for 8/13 Kbps
</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>H.324 – Extensão do H.320 para videoconferência sobre linhas PSTN
– Public Switched Telephone Network</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Q.931 – Sinalização clientes
Digitais</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>T.120 – Protocolo de conferencia em tempo
real</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 339.75pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Evolução histórica e relação entre as várias normas.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto -1.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-padding-top-alt: 0cm; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 0cm; mso-border-insideh: 2.5pt thin-thick-large-gap gray; mso-border-insidev: 2.5pt thin-thick-large-gap gray"
cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR
style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 75.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=100>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><IMG
height=1 src="cid:330120612@20112006-10C9" width=1 vspace=20
v:shapes="_x0000_i1031"><o:p></o:p></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 66.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">H.320<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 59.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=79>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">H.321<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 93.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">H.322<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 123.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=164>
<H6 style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: 35.4pt; mso-list: none"
align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.323 V1/V2</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></H6></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 75.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=101>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">H.324<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 75.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=100>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Data<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 66.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>1990</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 59.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=79>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>1995</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 93.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>1995</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 123.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=164>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>1996/1998</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 75.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=101>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>1996</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 75.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=100>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Rede<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 66.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Banda estreita Comutação digital
ISDN<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 59.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=79>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Banda larga ISDN ATM
LAN<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 93.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Largura de banda garantida. Rede de comutação de
pacotes<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 123.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=164>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Largura de banda não garantida sobre uma rede de
comutação de pacotes (exp.
Ethernet)<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 75.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=101>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">PSTN ou POTS, O sistema analógico de
telefone<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 75.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=100>
<H6 style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: 35.4pt; mso-list: none"
align=left><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>Vídeo</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></H6></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 66.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.261<BR>H.263</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 59.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=79>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.261<BR>H.263</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 93.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.261<BR>H.263</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 123.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=164>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.261<BR>H.263</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 75.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=101>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.261<BR>H.263</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 75.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=100>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Áudio<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 66.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>G.711, G.722, G.728</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 59.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=79>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>G.711, G.722, G.728</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 93.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>G.711, G.722, G.728</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 123.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=164>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>G.711, G.722, G.728<BR>G.723,
G.729</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 75.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=101>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>G.723</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 75.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=100>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Multiplexagem<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 66.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.221</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 59.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=79>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.221</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 93.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.221</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 123.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=164>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.225.0</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 75.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=101>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.223</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 75.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=100>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Controlo<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 66.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.230<BR>H.242</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 59.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=79>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.242</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 93.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.242<BR>H.230</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 123.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=164>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.245</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 75.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=101>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.245</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 75.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=100>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Multiponto<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 66.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.231<BR>H.243</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 59.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=79>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.231<BR>H.243</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 93.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.231<BR>H.243</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 123.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=164>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>H.323</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 75.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=101>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2><IMG height=1 src="cid:330120612@20112006-10C9" width=1
v:shapes="_x0000_i1032"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 75.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=100>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Dados<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 66.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>T.120</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 59.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=79>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>T.120</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 93.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>T.120</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 123.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=164>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>T.120</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 75.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=101>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>T.120</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TR>
<TR
style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid"><TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 75.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=100>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Interface de
comunicação<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 66.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">I.400<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 59.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=79>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">AAL<BR>I.363<BR>AJM I.361<BR>PHY
I.400<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 93.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">I.400&<BR>TCP/IP<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 123.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=164>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>TCP/IP</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 75.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=101>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>V.34 Modem</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P></TD><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A
seguinte figura representa um sistema actual para transmissão de voz com
compressão sobre uma estrutura de transporte IP, usando a norma
H.323.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN style="COLOR: blue"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=207
src="cid:330120612@20112006-10D0" width=281
v:shapes="_x0000_i1033"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Existem dois novos conceitos que podem ou não ser
implementados pelo mesmo equipamento, estes são o gatekeeper e o
gateway.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">O
gatekeeper este é o componente mais importante, funciona como o ponto central
para todas as chamadas dentro de uma determinada zona, providencia o controlo
das chamadas para os pontos registados. Em muitos aspectos o gatekeeper H.323
actua como comutador virtual.
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">O
gateway este é um sistema opcional para um sistema de conferência
H.323.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal">O
</SPAN>gatekeeper</STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"> tem por
função:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Traduzir os endereços de LAN associados aos terminais
H.323 em endereços
IP.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Controlar a largura de banda e o número de conferências
em simultâneo.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Gere o controlo de admissão e gestão de
zonas.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Como funções opcionais podem
referir-se:<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Controlo de sinalização de chamada
</B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Numa conferencia ponto a ponto o Gatekeeper pode processar o
controlo de chamada Q.931. Alternativamente o Gatekeeper pode enviar a
sinalização Q.931 directamente para os pontos terminais.
</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Autorização de
chamada</B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>O
Gatekeeper rejeitar a chamada de um terminal baseado nas especificações
Q.931.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A
chamada pode ser rejeitada por restrição de acesso de um terminal em particular
ou de um Gateway, restrito a um determinado período de tempo,
etc.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Os critérios de validação ou não de uma chamada estão fora do
âmbito da H.323.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Gestão da largura de
banda</B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">O Gatekeeper pode rejeitar uma chamada se determinar que
não existe largura de banda suficiente. Esta função também opera enquanto a
chamada estiver activa, se o terminal pedir largura de banda adicional. O
critério para determinar a disponibilidade da largura de banda está fora do
âmbito H.323.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Gestão de
chamada</B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642">O
Gatekeeper pode manter uma lista de chamadas H.323 a decorrer de modo a indicar
que um determinado terminal está ocupado, ou para fornecer informação para a
gestão de largura de banda.</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal">As funções do
</SPAN>gateway</STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal">
são:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Traduzir funções de terminais H.323 para outro tipo de
terminal.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Tradução entre os formatos de transmissão H.225.0 para
H.221.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Tradução entre os procedimentos de comunicação H.245 para
o H.242.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Tradução entre vário tipo de CODECs, de áudio ou
vídeo.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Estabelecer ligações com sistemas analógicos
PSTN.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Estabelecer ligações com terminais H.320 sobre ligações
comutadas ISDN
(RDIS).<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Estabelecer ligações com terminais H.324 sobre redes
PSTN.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 126pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=117 src="cid:330120612@20112006-10D7" width=454
v:shapes="_x0000_i1034"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">A
interligação entre o sistema de telefónico normal e o serviço telefónico IP é
feita através de ligações de sinalização SS7. É através destas ligações que a
informação de sinalização das chamadas é transportada.
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><IMG
height=198 alt="Figure 2. PSTN and IP Network Integration"
src="cid:330120612@20112006-10DE" width=264
v:shapes="_x0000_i1035"></SPAN><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">A
primeira das seguintes figuras representa uma arquitectura para pequenos
comutadores VoIP em que cada um tem um conjunto de ligações físicas a um
comutador tradicional de voz e a respectiva ligação SS7 para controlo, este
adapta-se melhor quando se pretende entregar o trafego de voz no ponto mais
próximo do comutador de voz.
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">A
segunda figura é um sistema de maiores dimensões em que existe apenas um
comutador IP de grandes dimensões com um grande conjunto de ligações físicas com
as respectivas ligações de SS7. É usada quando se pretende concentrar os acessos
de VoIP num único ponto, é o método mais adequado a quem tem poucos comutadores
de voz.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">SCP </SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">–</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">service control point
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">STP </SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">–</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">signal transfer point
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">SSP</SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> – Service Switching
Point<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=222 alt="Figure 3" src="cid:330120612@20112006-10E5"
width=403 v:shapes="_x0000_i1036"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=228 alt="Figure 4" src="cid:330120612@20112006-10EC"
width=402 v:shapes="_x0000_i1037"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">A seguinte figura representa um sistema de telefonia IP
distribuída em que cada SS7/IP gateway, controla vários comutadores de telefonia
IP, desta forma não é necessário como nos casos anteriores que cada comutador de
voz sobre IP implemente a SS7.<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=214 alt="Figure 7" src="cid:330120612@20112006-10F3"
width=419 v:shapes="_x0000_i1038"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 56.6pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684659"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685044"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061642"><A
name=_Toc493926997><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">15 </SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3>Sistemas de
transmissão</FONT></FONT></FONT></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493926998></A><A
name=_Toc467061643></A><A name=_Toc465685045></A><A name=_Toc465684660><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685045"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061643"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493926998"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Transmissão</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A palavra transmissão deriva do latim
“trans” significa através e “missio” significa enviar.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Transmissão refere-se ao processo de enviar
informação através de um meio físico, como o ar, cobre, etc.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Sistemas de transmissão são o meio físico
usado para transportar a informação entre vários locais numa rede de
telecomunicações. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Os vários tipos de informação podem ser
enviados usando vários meios físicos como cabos, rádio ou fibras ópticas. A
figura seguinte apresenta uma perspectiva global de todos os meios de
transmissão.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=WW-BodyText2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=238
src="cid:330120612@20112006-10FA" width=421 v:shapes="_x0000_i1039"></FONT></P>
<P class=WW-BodyText2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493926999></A><A
name=_Toc467061644></A><A name=_Toc465685046></A><A name=_Toc465684661><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685046"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061644"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493926999"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Ligações físicas</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Uma ligação física é o meio usado para
ligar clientes aos comutadores, ligar comutadores.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Uma chamada independentemente de ser local
ou longa distancia passa sempre por uma ligação física ou conjunto delas, estas
podem passar por vários meios diferentes. </FONT></P>
<P class=WW-BodyText2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=140
src="cid:330120612@20112006-1101" width=189 v:shapes="_x0000_i1040"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><BR
style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR
style="mso-special-character: line-break"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A distância limita a ligação física, para
permitir aumentar a distancia atingia são usados amplificadores,
regeneradores.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">Enquanto cada telefone tem a sua
ligação local ao comutador, uma ligação física entre comutadores é partilhada
por várias chamadas telefónicas de vários clientes.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Quando a ligação não está a ser usada por
um cliente esta pode ser usada por outro. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc465685047></A><A
name=_Toc465684662><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685047"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></A></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684662"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685047"><A name=_Toc493927000></A><A
name=_Toc467061645><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927000"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Multiplex</FONT></SPAN></A></SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A multiplexagem envolve a combinação de
vários canais de voz sobre o mesmo meio físico, que pode ser cobre, ar, fibra
óptica ou uma combinação dos três.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc467061646></A><A
name=_Toc465685048></A><A name=_Toc465684663></A><A name=_Toc493927001><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684663"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685048"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061646"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>O TDM permite vários canais de transmissão
sobre o mesmo meio físico. Os sinais de cada chamada, são repetidamente
amostrados, de forma a atribuir a cada canal de voz um tempo fixo a cada canal,
o emissor e o receptor estão sincronizados.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=129
src="cid:330120612@20112006-1108" width=463 v:shapes="_x0000_i1041"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></B></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927002></A><A
name=_Toc467061647></A><A name=_Toc465685049></A><A name=_Toc465684664><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685049"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061647"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927002"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Sistema de Transmissão E1</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=Hangingindent
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>O sistema E1, o meio de transmissão é o
cobre, são usados dois pares de cobre um emissor e um receptor. Existem várias
especificações para definir a distância atingida, estas incluem o tipo de cabo a
potência do sinal colocada na linha pelo emissor estas estão definidas na norma
G.703.</FONT></P>
<P class=Hangingindent
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>O sistema de transmissão tem o nome de TDM
- Time Division Multiplexing, nesta tecnologia cada canal é transmitido em
instantes de tempos diferentes. O sistema E1 é constituído por 32 canais de
64Kbps em que cada um é transmitido num intervalo de tempo.</FONT></P>
<P class=Hangingindent
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">Dos 32 canais, 30 são canais de voz 1
está reservado para sinalização e um representa o inicio de trama. Cada conjunto
de 32 canais é repetido a cada 125</FONT><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">m</SPAN></SPAN><FONT
face="Times New Roman">S (</FONT><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol">m</SPAN></SPAN><FONT
face="Times New Roman">S = micro – segundo = 10<SUP><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">-6</SPAN></SUP>).</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=Hangingindent
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A distribuição dos canais ao longo do tempo
é a seguinte:</FONT></P>
<P class=Hangingindent
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=245
src="cid:330120612@20112006-110F" width=408 v:shapes="_x0000_i1042"></FONT></P>
<P class=Index style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>
</FONT></SPAN></P><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc467061648></A><A
name=_Toc465685050></A><A name=_Toc465684665></A><A name=_Toc493927003><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Power Line Communication</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent2
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Este método de transmissão de dados usa a instalação eléctrica
doméstica para transmissão de dados, actualmente existem equipamentos no mercado
em fase de teste, que conseguem colocar na instalação dados a um ritmo
aproximado de 2Mbits/s. </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent2
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>O
uso deste método de transmissão é interessante para quem possui cabo eléctrico
instalado. Permite chegar de forma rápida e eficiente aos clientes o serviço de
voz pode ser dado como VoIP, permite sobre a mesma ligação ter acesso a voz e a
serviços de dados como a Internet de forma transparente. A empresa KEYIN coreana
possui terminais que disponibilizam uma interface Ethernet e interface para
telefones analógicos normais.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent2
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Deve notar-se que de momento estão a ser conduzidos ensaio-os de
campo pelo que a disponibilidade dos equipamentos não é
imediata.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent2
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=361 alt="PLC Network"
src="cid:330120612@20112006-1116" width=386
v:shapes="_x0000_i1043"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 86.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 86.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo8"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">o<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">Computador, Internet de alta
velocidade.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 86.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 86.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo8"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">o<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">Telefone, serviço equivalente
à telefonia tradicional.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 86.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 86.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo8"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">o<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">Novos serviços, ecommerce,
sistemas de segurança, vigilância de instalações.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 86.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 86.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo8"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">o<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">Gestão e controlo do consumo
de energia eléctrica, aquecimento, luz...</FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 86.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 86.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo8"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">o<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">Facilidade na gestão e
automação da casa.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 90pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684665"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685050"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061648"><A
name=_Toc493927004><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Sistemas de
radio</FONT></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent2
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>As chamadas de longa distância podem ser transportadas entre os
comutadores através de sistemas de radio geralmente a operar na zona dos
microondas (6-8GHz). Estes sistemas são baseados em torres estas têm de estar
colocadas em linha de vista. Estes sistemas estão a ser substituídos por
sistemas mais económicos em fibra óptica e com maior capacidade de transmissão.
</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Para terrenos muito irregulares como
montanhas, os sistemas rádio podem ser usados em conjunto com a fibra óptica
para criar anéis de alto débito ou suplantar obstáculos que de outro modo seria
extremamente caro ultrapassar com fibra.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=318
alt="Network Diagram: TransportNode X/30 SDH Radio"
src="cid:330120612@20112006-111D" width=452 v:shapes="_x0000_i1044"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Os sistemas de radio são particularmente
úteis quando as distancias entre os comutadores são grandes e a topografia não
permite a instalação de sistemas por cabo. Como por exemplo uma topografia
montanhosa.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A maior limitação dos sistemas de
transmissão de radio é que esta apenas pode ser conseguida em linha de vista.
Quando se montam as torres de radio não pode haver nenhum obstáculo fixo entre
estas. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Quando as distancias são demasiado grandes
de forma à curvatura da terra ter que ser levada em conta para a implementação
dos sistemas de rádio recorre-se aos satélites. O sinal chega ao satélite é
regenerado e retransmitido para a Terra.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><IMG height=126
src="cid:330120612@20112006-1124" width=131 v:shapes="_x0000_i1045"><SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927005><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Sistemas de transmissão por
Laser</FONT></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Este tipo de transmissão é usada para
ligações ponto a ponto, são sistemas muito directivos, as distanciam atingidas
situa entre os 200m e os 5Km dependendo do tipo de equipamento. As larguras de
banda podem variar desde 2Mbits até 155Mbits.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Estes sistemas são usados em algumas
situações ilustradas a seguir, podem ser usados para substituir links de rádio.
Os sistemas Laser não necessitam de aprovação para instalação. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Podem ser usados temporariamente para
fornecer o acesso até a infra-estrutura de cabo/fibra definitiva estar
instalada.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A qualidade destes sistemas está sujeita às
condições climatéricas, pássaros, são imunes a interferências de frequências
rádio.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>As seguintes figuras ilustram as diversas
utilizações.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><IMG height=139 src="cid:330120612@20112006-112B"
width=220 v:shapes="_x0000_i1046"><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><A name=_Toc467061649></A><A name=_Toc465685051></A><A
name=_Toc465684666><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685051"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061649"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=133 src="cid:330120612@20112006-1132" width=236
v:shapes="_x0000_i1047"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></A></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684666"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685051"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061649"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684666"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685051"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061649"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=116 src="cid:330120612@20112006-1139" width=257
v:shapes="_x0000_i1048"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684666"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685051"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061649"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=144 src="cid:330120612@20112006-1140" width=287
v:shapes="_x0000_i1049"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684666"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685051"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061649"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=123 src="cid:330120612@20112006-1147" width=276
v:shapes="_x0000_i1050"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684666"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685051"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061649"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 56.6pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684666"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685051"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061649"><A
name=_Toc493927006><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">16 </SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3>Sistemas de
</FONT></FONT></FONT></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000 size=3>fibra Óptica</FONT></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Nestes sistemas o sinal eléctrico é
convertido em luz e transmitido através de uma cabo de fibra óptica, este é um
cabo que permite transmitir luz com baixas perdas e distorção mínima.
</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927007></A><A
name=_Toc467061650><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927007"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Óptica</FONT></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">Pode-se enviar uma mensagem por luz
com uma lanterna ligando e desligando esta.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A luz de sol é composta por várias cores ou
frequências de luz estas dão origem á luz branca. Esta não é apropriada para
transmissão, a luz solar não é coerente os vários raios de luz não permanecem
junto o seu comportamento é parecido com o comportamento de uma
lanterna.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Luz coerente é composta apenas por uma
frequência e move-se em linha recta a menos que seja reflectida por um objecto
externo. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>O LASER foi inventado em 1961 este veio
tornar realizável a transmissão de sinais eléctricos através de luz. Este é uma
fonte de luz coerente a sigla LASER significa “<B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">L</B>ight <B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">A</B>mplification by <B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">S</B>timulated <B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">E</B>mission of <B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">R</B>adiation” este produz um raio de luz
apenas de uma frequência e energia elevada.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A luz do LASER requer um meio para
transmitir o sinal para áreas que não estejam em linha de vista. A solução é a
fibra óptica esta é um meio capaz de<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>transportar Luz. A seguinte figura pretende representar a forma com o
feixe de luz lazer se propaga numa fibra.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=194
src="cid:330120612@20112006-114E" width=435 v:shapes="_x0000_i1051"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Na fibra óptica o vidro é transformado em
pequenas fibras aproximadamente da espessura de um cabelo. Existe uma camada de
vidro externa que envolve a fibra. Esta camada externa de vidro actua como um
espelho para a camada interna com isto consegue-se que a luz circule na parte
interior da fibra fazendo com que esta descreva curvas na fibra até ao seu
destino. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=106
src="cid:330120612@20112006-1155" width=449 v:shapes="_x0000_i1052"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>O primeiro laser era grande e caro era
constituído por um tubo cheio de gás raro. Agora o laser é um micro-chip chamado
Injection Laser Diode (ILD), que gera um feixe de luz coerente.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>O sinal óptico transmitido é um sinal
digital, representado por sinais de luz ora ligada ora desligada. O sinal 1 gera
um sinal de luz o 0 é reconhecido quando não há luz.</FONT></P>
<P class=m3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><STRONG><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></STRONG></o:p></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927008></A><A
name=_Toc467061651><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927008"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Tipos de Fibra
óptica</FONT></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><A
name=_Toc465685053></A><A name=_Toc465684668><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>No mercado existem dois tipos de fibras as multimodo e as
mono-modo, na primeira o diâmetro está entre 50 e 100microns, as mono-modo
possuem um diâmetro entre 7 e 9 mícron. </FONT></SPAN></A></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Com um diâmetro maior diferentes raios de luz entram na fibra,
percorrem distancias diferentes ao longo do cabo devido ás reflexões ocorridas
no cabo. Como a velocidade da luz é constante os vários raios chegam ao fim da
fibra com tempos diferentes, isto provoca dispersão no feixe de luz transmitida.
Este fenómeno reduz a distância de utilização da fibra multimodo.
</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A
seguinte figura pretende representar o sinal obtido no final de uma
fibra.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=145 src="cid:330120612@20112006-115C" width=329
v:shapes="_x0000_i1053"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Nas mono-modo o diâmetro é da ordem do comprimento de onda da luz,
neste tipo de fibra apenas circula um raio de luz, isto faz com que um pulso
quadrado de luz percorra a fibra sem sofrer alterações.
</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Para ritmos de transmissão elevadas e longas distancias a
fibra mono-modo é o melhor meio de transmissão.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=100 src="cid:330120612@20112006-1163" width=466
v:shapes="_x0000_i1054"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=139 src="cid:330120612@20112006-116A" width=267
v:shapes="_x0000_i1055"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><A name=_Toc493927009><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>WDM – Wavelength Division
Multiplexing</FONT></A></SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Para optimizar o uso de uma fibra óptica surgiu a tecnologia WDM –
Wavelenght Division Multiplexing, esta tecnologia permite agrupar na mesma fibra
óptica vários canais em diferentes frequências de luz (comprimentos de onda)
desta forma consegue-se colocar larguras de banda da ordem dos terabits numa
única fibra.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Para a
regeneração do sinal são usados amplificadores ópticos ou seja não existe
conversão electro – óptica.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>O
DWDM opera na região dos 1520nm a 1570nm, nesta gama consegue colocar 64 canais,
existem projectos para colocar 240 canais. Se cada canal suportar até
2.5Gbits/Seg, donde um total de 64*2.5Gbits ou seja
160Gbits.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><IMG height=46 src="cid:330120612@20112006-1171"
width=191
v:shapes="_x0000_i1056"><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=101 src="cid:330120612@20112006-1178" width=382
v:shapes="_x0000_i1057"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><IMG height=123 src="cid:330120612@20112006-117F"
width=363 v:shapes="_x0000_i1058"><SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684668"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685053"><A name=_Toc493927010></A><A
name=_Toc467061652><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927010"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Componentes de um sistema de
transmissão </FONT></SPAN></A></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927010"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>óptico</FONT></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">ILD</B> – Injection Laser Diode
</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Fibra Óptica</B> O meio de transmissão da
luz</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Receptor</B> Converte os impulsos ópticos
em eléctricos.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Conector Óptico</B> Dispositivo que liga a
fibra a um conector de fácil manuseio de forma a ser possível ligar a fibra a um
equipamento. Este dispositivo pode ser usado para interligar duas fibras sem a
necessidade de as fundir.<BR><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc467061653></A><A
name=_Toc465685054></A><A name=_Toc465684669></A><A name=_Toc493927011><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684669"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685054"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061653"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Exemplos de Conectores Ópticos.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=99
src="cid:330120612@20112006-1186" width=408 v:shapes="_x0000_i1059"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=56
src="cid:330120612@20112006-118D" width=411 v:shapes="_x0000_i1060"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=144
src="cid:330120612@20112006-1194" width=420 v:shapes="_x0000_i1061"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc467061654></A><A
name=_Toc465685055></A><A name=_Toc465684670></A><A name=_Toc493927012><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Tipos de Implementação de acesso em fibra
óptica</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">FITL <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>- Fiber in the
<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
/><st1:place
w:st="on">Loop</st1:place><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">FTTH <SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>- Fiber to the
home<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">FTTC <SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>- Fiber to the curb<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">FTTN <SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>- Fiber to the
neighborhood<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">ONU – Optical Network
Unit<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=398 src="cid:330120612@20112006-119B" width=431
v:shapes="_x0000_i1062"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 56.6pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><A
name=_Toc493927013><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">17 </SPAN></SPAN><FONT size=3>Estrutura PDH –
Plesiochronous Digital
Hierarchy</FONT></FONT></FONT></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A
transmissão de sinais digitais e analógicos é baseada no uso de canais a
2.048Mbits chamados E1, este consiste em 30 canais de voz TDM um canal de
sinalização e outro de inicio de trama. Cada canal ocupa uma largura de banda de
64Kbps, o canal E1 está descrito na norma G-703.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Ao longo dos anos foi necessário aumentar a largura de banda para
transporte, deste modo surgiram os sistemas de 8, 34 e 140Mbit/s.
</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A
contrário do canal E1 todos os outros não operam de forma síncrona, a tolerância
para um canal de 8Mbits é de 30ppm (partes por milhão) e 15ppm
nos140Mbits.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A
estrutura de multiplexagem é a seguinte:</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=194 src="cid:330120612@20112006-11A2" width=341
v:shapes="_x0000_i1063"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Após a multiplexagem não existe uma forma simples de retirar os
canais individuais de 2Mbits, é necessário retirar todas as estruturas de
hierarquia superior para ter acesso aos canais
E1.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 56.6pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684670"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685055"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061654"><A
name=_Toc493927014><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">18 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3>SONET - Synchronous Optical
Network</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cada vez mais as aplicações
querem mais largura de banda, mas com qualidade de serviço garantida. O standard
SONET ( ou SDH na Europa) permite fornecer este
serviço.<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Esta tecnologia surgiu inicialmente em 1990
nos Estados Unidos como standard para a transmissão por fibra óptica.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>O standard define vários níveis de
multiplexagem a diferentes velocidades. Este sistema é um sistema síncrono todos
os sistemas usam a mesma fonte de relógio. O SONET é a norma usada nos Estados
Unidos mas é compatível (quase!) com a norma internacional SDH (</SPAN><FONT
color=#000000>Synchronous Digital Hierarchy), este é aprovado pelo International
Telecommunications Union (ITU) que define as normas internacionais de
telecomunicações.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A norma SDH permite a transmissão a
velocidades muito<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>mais elevadas que
os métodos convencionais. A seguinte tabela mostra as velocidades disponíveis e
a relação entre o SDH e o SONET.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927015></A><A
name=_Toc465684671></A><A name=_Toc465678969><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684671"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927015"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>SONET<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>e
SDH</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<DIV align=center>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-border-insideh: 2.5pt thin-thick-large-gap gray; mso-border-insidev: 2.5pt thin-thick-large-gap gray; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap; mso-border-bottom-alt: thin-thick-large-gap; mso-border-right-alt: thin-thick-large-gap; mso-border-color-alt: gray; mso-border-width-alt: 2.5pt"
cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 42pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap; mso-border-bottom-alt: thin-thick-large-gap; mso-border-right-alt: thin-thick-large-gap; mso-border-color-alt: gray; mso-border-width-alt: 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=56>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">SDH<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 39.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=52>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">SONET<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 210.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=281>
<P class=m3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc465684672></A><A
name=_Toc465678970><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684672"><STRONG><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Velocidade de transmissão
Mbits</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></A></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 42pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=56>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><STRONG><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2> </FONT></STRONG></o:p></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 39.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=52>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">OC-1 <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 210.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=281>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">51.84<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 42pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=56>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">STM-1<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 39.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=52>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">OC-3 <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 210.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=281>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">155.52<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 42pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=56>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 39.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=52>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">OC-9 <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 210.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=281>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">466.56<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 42pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=56>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">STM-4<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 39.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=52>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">OC-12<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 210.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=281>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">622.08<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 5">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 42pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=56>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 39.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=52>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">OC-18<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 210.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=281>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">933.12<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 6">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 42pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=56>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 39.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=52>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">OC-24<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 210.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=281>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">1244.16<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 7">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 42pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=56>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 39.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=52>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">OC-36<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 210.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=281>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">1866.24<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 8">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 42pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=56>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">STM-16<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 39.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=52>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">OC-48<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 210.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=281>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">2488.32<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 9">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 42pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=56>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 39.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=52>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">OC-96<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 210.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=281>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>4976.64</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 42pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=56>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">STM-64<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 39.35pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=52>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>OC-192</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 210.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thin-thick-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=281>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>9953.28</FONT></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Os diferentes níveis do SDH são baseados no
<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">STM</B>1 – Syncronous Transfer Mode e
multiplicados por 4, no SONET são multiplicados por 3.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">No pacote de dados SDH existem
campos destinados a controlo permitindo que o equipamento seja controlado e
gerido remotamente, permite ainda retirar facilmente os canais sem ter que
desmembrar todo o conjunto de dados. Isto permite reduzir o custo dos
equipamentos e facilitar a gestão do trafego. Permite adicionar ou remover
facilmente sinais de mais baixo débito. Permite usar equipamentos de diferentes
fornecedores. <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="COLOR: black">O equipamento principal de uma
rede SDH é o <B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">ADM</B>- <B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">A</B>dd and <B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">D</B>rop <B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">M</B>ultiplexer que é responsável pela
inserção extracção de canais</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">. A estrutura
de um anel SDH é a seguinte. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=263
src="cid:330120612@20112006-11A9" width=463 v:shapes="_x0000_i1064"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>A seguinte figura representa os vários equipamentos existentes
entre dois pontos de acesso SDH. </FONT></P>
<P class=Index style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=171
src="cid:330120612@20112006-11B0" width=351 v:shapes="_x0000_i1065"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Os equipamentos de transmissão SDH podem
estar organizados de duas formas em anel de forma linear ou misto.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Como se exemplifica na seguinte figura,
DACS - Digital Access Cross Connect Systems.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><A name=_Toc465685056></A><A name=_Toc465684673><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=163 src="cid:330120612@20112006-11B7" width=323
v:shapes="_x0000_i1066"></FONT></SPAN></A></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Nos anéis SDH existem dois tipos de anel, anéis de 2 fibras ou 4
fibras. Nos primeiros apenas se pode comutar parte dos dados em caso de quebra
no anel, no segundo todo o feixe óptico é comutado.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>No caso de um anel de 2 fibras os dados são enviados pelas duas
direcções do anel, para se obter redundância de trafego o receptor monitoriza os
dois sinais enviados e escolhe o melhor. Parte da capacidade disponível na linha
está reservada para protecção.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Num anel de quatro fibras, ambas as direcções têm uma fibra de
transporte e uma de protecção. No caso da fibra de transporte falhar o trafego é
transferido para a fibra<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>no sentido
oposto ao da falha.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Este método
permite ao anel a partilha da capacidade de protecção, isto aumenta a capacidade
de transporte do anel. </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Num sistema de protecção de linha o anel é capaz de restabelecer o
serviço e inverter direcções em menos de 50mS em anéis de
1200Km.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=160 src="cid:330120612@20112006-11BE" width=257
v:shapes="_x0000_i1067"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><A name=_Toc493927016><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Alarmes
SDH</FONT></A></SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Os alarmes SDH aparecem diferenciados em duas
categorias:</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056">SOH (Section overhead) </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Alarmes enviados como mensagens para os sistemas de gestão
(CMIS)</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.85pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>O
cabeçalho de secção, </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><A
href="outbind://39/#_Formato_trama_ATM"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056">ver trama SDH</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></A><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>esta possui um
conjunto de bytes que fornecem informação relacionada com alarmes ou
erros.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-hyphenate: auto"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Error performance monitoring
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Pointer adjustment information
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Path Status
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Path trace
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Remote Error Indications (REI)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Remote Failure Indications (RFI)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Remote Defect Indications (RDI)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Signal Labels
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">New Data Flag indicators
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Data Communication Channels (DCC)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Automatic Protection Switching (APS)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Engineering Orderwires (EOW's)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.85pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Synchronization Status Message (SSM)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Um defeito ocorre quando acontecem alarmes do tipo LOS, LOF, LOP,
AIS, ... </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Uma falha é um defeito que persiste mais que o tempo máximo
definido, esta situação pode activar a protecção automática existente nos anéis
SDH.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Loss of Signal
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Out of Frame
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Loss of Frame
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Loss of Pointer
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Multiplexer section Alarm Indication Signal (MS-AIS)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-GB
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">AU-4 AIS
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-GB
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">TU-12 AIS
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Multiplex Section - Remote Defect Indication (MS-RDI)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">High Order Path - Remote Defect Indication (HR-RDI)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Remote Failure Indication (RFI)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">High Order Path-Loss of Multiframe (HP-LOM)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Path payLoad Mismatch (PLM)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Higher Order Path-Trail Identifier Mismatch (HP-TIM)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Syncronous Equipment Timing - Loss of Signal (SET-LOS)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Syncronous Equipment Timing - Free Run (SET-FREERUN)
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14.15pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt 35.45pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman">AU - Pointer Justification Event
(PJE)<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><A name=_Toc493927017><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Funções de um
ADM</FONT></A></SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>(Colocar figura e funções básicas)</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><A name=_Toc467061655></A><A
name=_Toc493927018><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061655"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>PoS – Packet over
Sonet/SDH</FONT></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061655"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061655"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Este é um método para transportar IP directamente sobre SDH, este
está descrito na recomendação ITF-RFC2615 ( PPP over
Sonet).</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061655"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Este é um método usado para transportar trafego IP de forma
eficiente.</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 56.6pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684673"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685056"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061655"><A
name=_Toc493927019><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic Demi (PC'"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">19 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3>LAN e
WAN</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H1>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927020></A><A
name=_Toc467061656></A><A name=_Toc465685057></A><A name=_Toc465684674><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685057"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061656"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927020"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Local Area e Wide Area
Networks</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Uma rede de computadores permite que cada
utilizador trabalhe individualmente mas mantenha uma ligação com os outros
utilizadores. Ao partilhar os ficheiros permite reduzir o custo e controlar o
acesso a ficheiros e base de dados.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Aplicações e ficheiros individuais podem
ser partilhados através da rede.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Os vários tipos de redes podem ser
divididos em dois Local Area Networks (LANS), são redes locais e partilhadas por
um numero limitado e bem definido de utilizadores. As Wide Area Networks (WANS)
estas permitem interligar várias LANS </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Ou permitir que utilizadores individuais
acedam a<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>LAN da sua empresa.
</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927021></A><A
name=_Toc467061657></A><A name=_Toc465685058></A><A name=_Toc465684675><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685058"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061657"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927021"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Descrição de uma LAN</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Uma LAN é uma rede partilhada por 2 ou mais
computadores equipados com o software e hardware apropriado de forma a estes
poderem partilhar aplicações, ficheiros, periféricos como modems, impressoras
etc.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=Index style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=119
src="cid:330120612@20112006-11C5" width=145 border=0
v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"></FONT></P>
<P class=Index style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493927022></A><A
name=_Toc465685059></A><A name=_Toc465684676><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685059"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927022"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Funções de uma<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>LAN</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Todos os periféricos como impressoras,
computadores, etc.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>de uma LAN são
chamados nós. Estes nós partilham o mesmo canal de transmissão, normalmente
chamado BUS. Apenas um periférico de cada vez transmite dados, mas enquanto está
a transmitir pode usar toda a largura de banda disponível no Bus.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A LAN é um meio barato de implementar uma
rede pois o meio é comum e apenas existe um utilizador na rede em cada período
de tempo.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></B></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493927023></A><A
name=_Toc465685060></A><A name=_Toc465684677><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685060"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927023"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Equipamento necessário para
implementar uma LAN</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></H3>
<H4 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></H4>
<H4 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927024><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=2>file server</FONT></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927024"></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H4>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Computador com grande capacidade de disco,
para armazenar as aplicações, ficheiros e base de dados.</FONT></P>
<H4 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927025><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=2>Nós</FONT></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H4>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Computadores pessoais ou periféricos com
adaptadores e cabos que lhe permitam aceder á rede. </FONT></P>
<H4 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc465684678></A><A
name=_Toc493927026><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684678"><SPAN
lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=2>Network Interface
Cards (NIC)</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684678"></SPAN></H4>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684678">Uma placa que permite aceder á rede LAN.
Cada NIC possui um numero único universal que é o seu endereço, este é conhecido
por MAC- Medium Access Control.</SPAN> </FONT></FONT></P>
<H4 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc465684679></A><A
name=_Toc493927027><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684679"><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=2>Cabos e conectores</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684679"><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684679"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>Usados para ligar cada periférico ou computador á
LAN.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<H4 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc465684680></A><A
name=_Toc493927028><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684680"><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=2>Concentrador (Hub)</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927028"></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684680"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684680"><SPAN
style="COLOR: black">Equipamento usado para concentrar todos os cabos da
LAN.</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<H4 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc465684681></A><A
name=_Toc493927029><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684681"><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=2>Equipamentos de segurança</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684681"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT
size=2><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></H4>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684681">Nestes podem incluir-se fontes de
alimentação (UPS), sistemas de protecção de software.</SPAN> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><IMG height=150 src="cid:330120612@20112006-11CC"
width=213 border=0 v:shapes="_x0000_i1068"><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927030></A><A
name=_Toc467061658></A><A name=_Toc465685061></A><A name=_Toc465684682><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685061"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061658"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927030"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Meio de transmissão na LAN</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Vários meios de transmissão podem ser
usados numa LAN, para ligar os equipamentos ao mesmo BUS. Cabo entrançado,
coaxial, fibra óptica podem ser usados como meio de transmissão numa
LAN.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></B></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493927031></A><A
name=_Toc465685062></A><A name=_Toc465684683><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685062"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927031"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Características de uma<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>LAN</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=132
src="cid:330120612@20112006-11D3" width=139 border=0
v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=Blockquote
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore"><SPAN class=330120612-20112006><FONT face=Verdana
color=#0000ff><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>20</FONT></STRONG> </FONT></SPAN><STRONG>
</STRONG></SPAN>Barato <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=Blockquote
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2"><FONT
color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Largura de banda elevada partilhada por todos os
equipamentos existentes na LAN<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=Blockquote
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3"><FONT
color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Vários utilizadores podem aceder ao mesmo
meio.<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc465685063></A><A
name=_Toc465684684><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685063"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></A></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684684"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685063"><A name=_Toc493927032></A><A
name=_Toc467061659><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927032"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Configurações de
REDE</FONT></SPAN></A></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3> </FONT></H2>
<P class=Index style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=Index style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=172
src="cid:330120612@20112006-11DA" width=338 border=0
v:shapes="_x0000_i1069"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000></FONT></SPAN> </P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927033></A><A
name=_Toc467061660></A><A name=_Toc465685064></A><A name=_Toc465684685><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685064"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061660"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927033"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Tecnologia</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>As duas tecnologias mais usadas em LANs são
Token Ring e Ethernet, o Token Ring foi desenvolvido pela IBM nos anos 1980, a
Ethernet a mais divulgada foi introduzida pela XEROX nos anos 1970.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493927034></A><A
name=_Toc465685065></A><A name=_Toc465684686><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685065"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927034"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Token
Ring</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT
size=3><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A rede Token Ring é constituída por um anel
em que os dados são transportados de um computador para outro pelo<B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> </B>anel.<B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> </B>O ritmo de transmissão situa-se entre
os 4Mbps e 16Mbps.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><IMG height=157 src="cid:330120612@20112006-11E1"
width=191 border=0 v:shapes="_x0000_i1070"><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Existe um token (senha) que é passada ao
longo do anel, esta é examinada sequencialmente em todos os nós<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>do anel.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Se um nó não tiver nada para enviar, o
token é retransmitido para o próximo nó no anel. Se um nó pretender enviar dados
o token é modificado os dados e o endereço do destino são adicionados, o pacote
é completo e enviado. A informação é passada ao longo do anel até atingir o nó
de destino, este aceita os dados. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Podem ser definidas prioridades a dar aos
dispositivos para aumentar a eficiência do anel como aumentar a prioridade dos
servidores.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Como de cada vez apenas um dispositivo tem
o token este é um meio fiável de garantir o acesso exclusivo ao meio de
transmissão. Apenas um utilizador de cada vez acede ao meio.</FONT></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc465685066></A><A
name=_Toc465684687><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685066"><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></A></H3>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684687"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685066"><A
name=_Toc493927035><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Ethernet</FONT></SPAN></A></SPAN></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=124
src="cid:330120612@20112006-11E8" width=201 border=0
v:shapes="_x0000_i1071"></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A Ethernet foi inventada pela XEROX em
1970, é uma tecnologia de rede local baseada em transmissão por banda
base.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A Ethernet usa uma implementação em bus
sobre cabo coaxial a 10Mbps, os nós ganham acesso ao meio usando o método de
detecção por colisão. Quando um nó pretende enviar informação primeiro verifica
se o meio está livre. Se verifica que está livre envia os pacotes. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Como todos têm igualdade de oportunidade
para aceder ao bus,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>pode acontecer
que dois ou mais nós tentem transmitir em simultâneo. Se isto ocorrer é
detectada uma colisão, cada nó então retira os dados do bus e pára por um
período de tempo aleatório. Este processo continua até ser possível transmitir
os dados. A cada nó está associado um endereço único o MAC este serve para
identificar univocamente o nó na rede.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>O termo Ethernet actualmente refere-se a 3
tipos de implementação física<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>de
uma LAN, todos baseados na técnica de acesso por detecção de colisão, estes
são:</FONT></P>
<P class=WW-BodyText2
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list -42.55pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; mso-hyphenate: auto"><FONT
color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">A Ethernet e a norma<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>IEEE 802.3- São especificações para LAN
que operam a 10 Mbps sobre cabo coaxial. <SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 1.0cm 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9"><FONT
color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ethernet a 100-Mbps –Uma
especificação de LAN, também conhecida como Fast Ethernet, esta opera a
100 Mbps sobre um par de cabos entrançados. </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 1.0cm 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9"><FONT
color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ethernet 1000-Mbps – A esta
também se chama Gigabit Ethernet, opera a 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) sobre
fibra ou sobre um par de cabos entrançados. </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493927036><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Estrutura Física e lógica da Ethernet</FONT></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A Ethernet (versão 2) actualmente obedece
à<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>norma <B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">IEEE 802.3</B> esta surge em 1980 a
especificação desta teve por base a tecnologia Ethernet original.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A seguinte tabela define as diferentes
velocidades e meios físicos usados para transporte de dados.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN: auto auto auto -1.35pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-padding-top-alt: 0cm; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 0cm; mso-border-insideh: 2.5pt thick-thin-large-gap gray; mso-border-insidev: 2.5pt thick-thin-large-gap gray"
cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR
style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 72.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=97 rowSpan=2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Características
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 65.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88 rowSpan=2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Ethernet <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 381.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=509 colSpan=5>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Valores IEEE 802.3
<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; page-break-inside: avoid">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 65.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=87>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>10Base5</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 62.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=83>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>10Base2</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 111.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=149>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>10BaseT</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 2cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=76>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>10BaseFL</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=113>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>100BaseT</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 72.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=97>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Velocidade (Mbps)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 65.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>10</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 65.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=87>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>10</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 62.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=83>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>10</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 111.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=149>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>10</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 2cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=76>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>10</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=113>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>100</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 72.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=97>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Método de transmissão</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 65.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Banda Base</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 65.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=87>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Banda Base</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 62.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=83>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Banda Base</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 111.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=149>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Banda Base</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 2cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=76>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Banda Base</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=113>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Banda Base</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 72.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=97>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Distancia (m)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 65.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>500</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 65.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=87>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>500</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 62.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=83>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>185</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 111.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=149>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>100 </FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 2cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=76>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>2,000</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=113>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>100</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 25.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 72.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; HEIGHT: 25.35pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=97>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Cabo usado</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 65.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; HEIGHT: 25.35pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">50-ohm coaxial
(thick)<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 65.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; HEIGHT: 25.35pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=87>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">50-ohm coaxial
(thick)<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 62.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; HEIGHT: 25.35pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=83>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">50-ohm coaxial
(thin)<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 111.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; HEIGHT: 25.35pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=149>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Par de cobre entrançado não
blindado</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 2cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; HEIGHT: 25.35pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=76>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Fibra Óptica</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; HEIGHT: 25.35pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=113>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Par entrançado não blindado</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 72.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=97>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Topologia<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 65.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=88>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Bus<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 65.2pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=87>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Bus<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 62.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=83>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Bus</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 111.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=149>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Estrela</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 2cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=76>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Ponto a Ponto</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 3cm; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
vAlign=top width=113>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Bus</FONT></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493927037><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Giga bit Ethernet meios físicos de transmissão</FONT></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<DIV align=center>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-padding-top-alt: 0cm; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 0cm; mso-border-insideh: 2.5pt thick-thin-large-gap gray; mso-border-insidev: 2.5pt thick-thin-large-gap gray"
cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 93.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>Transceiver</STRONG><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p></o:p></B></FONT></FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 155pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=207>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>Meio físico</STRONG><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p></o:p></B></FONT></FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 87.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=117>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT size=2><FONT face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>Distancia
Máxima</STRONG><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p></o:p></B></FONT></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 93.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>1000 Base-SX</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 155pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=207>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Fibra Multimodo 62.5 micron</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 87.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=117>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>220m</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 93.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2> (Short)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 155pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=207>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Fibra Multimodo 50 micron</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 87.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=117>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>500m</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 93.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>1000 Base-LX</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 155pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=207>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Fibra Multimodo 62.5 micron </FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 87.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=117>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>440m</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 93.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=125>
<P class=Index style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2> (Long)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 155pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=207>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Fibra Multimodo 50 micron</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 87.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=117>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>550m</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 5">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 93.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2></FONT> </P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 155pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=207>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Fibra mono-modo</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 87.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=117>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>5km</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 6">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 93.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>1000 Base-CX</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 155pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=207>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Short-haul
Copper<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 87.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=117>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>25m</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: gray 2.5pt double; WIDTH: 93.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=125>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>1000 Base-T</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 155pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=207>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>Categoria 5 UTP (4 pares de
cobre)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: gray 2.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 87.45pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 2.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: thick-thin-large-gap gray 2.5pt"
width=117>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>100m</FONT></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">A Ethernet a nível lógico fornece
serviços do nível 1 e 2 <SPAN
style="DISPLAY: none; mso-hide: all"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=WW-BodyText2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>do modelo
OSI a norma IEEE802.3 especifica o nível físico e a porção do canal de acesso do
nível 2. A IEEE803.3 não define o protocolo para controlo da ligação lógica, mas
especifica vários meios físicos enquanto a Ethernet só especifica
um.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A relação entre a Ethernet e IEEE802.3 no
modelo OSI é a seguinte:</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=138
src="cid:330120612@20112006-11EF" width=201 border=0
v:shapes="_x0000_i1072"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493927038><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Formato da Trama</FONT></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=205
src="cid:330120612@20112006-11F6" width=349 border=0
v:shapes="_x0000_i1073"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Preamble</B> - Sequência de 1s e 0s que
servem para o receptor detectar o inicio de uma trama, Ethernet ou IEEE 802.3. A
trama Ethernet inclui mais um byte que é equivalente ao campo Start-of-Frame
especificado na trama IEEE 802.3.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Start-of-Frame</B> (SOF)- A marca de
inicio<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>da trama IEEE 802.3 acaba
com 2 bits consecutivos a 1. Estes servem para sincronizar a recepção de tramas
de todas as estações existentes na LAN. Na Ethernet o SOF está especificado
explicitamente.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Destinatio</B>n e <B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Source Addresses</B> - Os primeiros 3 bytes
do endereço foram especificados pelo IEEE como um código para identificar o
fabricante da placa. Os últimos 3 bytes são especificados pela Ethernet ou
fabricante da carta tipo IEEE 802.3. O endereço de origem é sempre um <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">unicast</I>, endereço de um nó simples. O
endereço de destino pode ser <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">unicast</I>,
<I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">multicast</I> ( grupo) ou <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">broadcast</I> (para todos os
nós).</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=WW-BodyText2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Type</B> (Ethernet)- Especifica o protocolo
de nível superior que recebe os dados, Depois de o processamento Ethernet estar
concluído.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Length</B> (IEEE 802.3)- O length indica o
numero de bytes vêem a seguir este campo.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Data</B> (Ethernet)- depois do
processamento do <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">physical-layer</I> e <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">link-layer </I>estar completo, os dados
contidos na trama são enviados para o protocolo de nível superior, este é
identificado pelo campo <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">type</I>. A
Ethernet versão 2 não especifica bytes para completar a trama (em contraste com
a IEEE802.3), a Ethernet espera no mínimo 46 bytes de dados.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=Index
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Data</B> (IEEE 802.3)- A seguir ao
processamento do<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">physical - layer</I> e <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">link-layer</I>, os dados são enviados para
um protocolo de nível superior, que deve estar definido na porção de dados da
trama. Se os dados na trama forem insuficientes para preencher o mínimo de 64
bytes da trama, são inseridos bytes até perfazer o tamanho mínimo de 64 bytes.
</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Frame Check Sequence </B>(FCS)--- Esta
sequência contém 4 bytes gerados usando um código de CRC- cyclic redundancy
check, este é gerado pelo emissor e recalculado no receptor para verificar se a
trama sofreu erros durante o transporte.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493927039><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Características físicas da 100baseT</FONT></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-border-insideh: 1.5pt double windowtext; mso-border-insidev: 1.5pt double windowtext"
cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1.5pt double; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Características<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=Index style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">100BaseTX<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">100BaseFX<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 112.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=150>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><FONT size=2><FONT
face="Times New Roman">100BaseT4<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></B></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1.5pt double; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Cabo</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=Index style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>Categoria 5 UTP, ou Type 1 e 2 STP</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>62.5/125 micron fibra
multi-modo</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 112.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=150>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Category 3, 4, ou 5
UTP</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1.5pt double; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Numero de pares<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>ou fios</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2 pares</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2 fibras</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 112.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=150>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>4 pares</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1.5pt double; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Conector</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>ISO 8877
(RJ-45)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Conector SC ou
ST</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 112.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=150>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>ISO 8877
(RJ-45)</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1.5pt double; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Distancia máxima por
segmento</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>100 metros</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>400 metros</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 112.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=150>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>100
metros</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 5">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1.5pt double; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Numero máximo
repetidores</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>4</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>1</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 112.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=150>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>2</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1.5pt double; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Diâmetro máximo da
rede</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>200metros</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 129.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=173>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>400metros</FONT></P></TD>
<TD
style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1.5pt double; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 112.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1.5pt double; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt"
vAlign=top width=150>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=2>200metros</FONT></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493927040></A><A
name=_Toc465685067></A><A name=_Toc465684688><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685067"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927040"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Repetidores</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Estes permitem expandir a capacidade de
transmissão da LAN, permitindo atingir maiores distancias. Estes dispositivos
não alteram os dados. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493927041></A><A
name=_Toc465685068></A><A name=_Toc465684689><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685068"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927041"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Bridges</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Uma bridge é um dispositivo que restringe o
trafego<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>de uma grande rede
subdividindo-a em redes mais pequenas. A bridge só funciona no mesmo tipo de
implementação de LAN.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Deste modo reduz o trafego em cada uma das
redes criadas, aumentando o desempenho da rede.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Todos os pacotes são monitorados pela
Bridge. Apenas os pacotes destinados ao outro lado são passados. O MAC é único,
é através deste que a bridge determina se o pacote deve ficar ou passar para o
outro lado da rede.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=Index style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000><IMG height=292
src="cid:330120612@20112006-11FD" width=240 border=0
v:shapes="_x0000_i1074"></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 0cm"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A Bridge aprende a topologia da rede
examinando o endereço (MAC) de origem de cada pacote enviado para os seus
portos. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 0cm"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Quando a Bridge vê o endereço MAC de origem
pela primeira vez, armazena o porto de entrada para uso futuro. Eventualmente ao
monitorar o trafego a Bridge aprende a localização de todos os nós referenciados
aos portos da bridge.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 0cm"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Um pacote com o endereço desconhecido é
enviado para todos os portos da bridge para assegurar que chega ao destino
apropriado. Logo que o novo nó envie o pacote a localização do novo nó é
armazenado. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 0cm"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Bridges entre LANs adjacentes são bridges
locais , bridges remotas ligam LANs remotas.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 0cm"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Bridges multi - porto são capazes de ligar
múltiplas redes através de três ou mais portos. Não decidem apenas se o pacote é
transmitido ou não mas podem decidir qual o porto a usar.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 0cm"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>As bridges são um meio fácil de aumentar o
desempenho de uma rede, a bridge reduz o numero de nós que tentam aceder á LAN,
fazem isto sem qualquer tipo de programação, é colocar a bridge e deixar esta
aprender.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent2
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: 0cm"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A seguinte figura pretende representar a
versão de uma LAN sem bridge e uma com bridge, com a introdução da bridge o
numero de colisões no Bus passa a ser menor. Todo o trafego local a um dos lados
da bridge permanece nesse lado.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 0cm"
align=center><BR><A
href="http://www.scan-technologies.com/tutorials/ISDN%20Tutorial.htm"><SPAN
style="COLOR: windowtext; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><IMG height=215 src="cid:330120612@20112006-1204"
width=282 border=0 v:shapes="_x0000_i1075"></FONT></SPAN></A></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3> </FONT></SPAN><A name=_Toc493927042></A><A
name=_Toc465685069></A><A name=_Toc465684690><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685069"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927042"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Routers</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Os Routers são dispositivos que permitem
ligar duas redes. Os Routers não baseiam a decisão no MAC como as
Bridges.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Os routers dependem do protocolo como o
Internet Protocol (IP), para encaminhar os dados.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Um router requer programação extensiva para
o ajudar a tomar a decisão de encaminhamento(routing).</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Um router pode ligar duas topologia
diferentes ao contrario das bridges, como Ethernet a Token Ring.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman"><IMG height=136
src="cid:330120612@20112006-120B" width=285 border=0 v:shapes="_x0000_i1076"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><o:p></o:p></B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 84.9pt"><A name=_Toc493927043></A><A
name=_Toc465685070></A><A name=_Toc465684691><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685070"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927043"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Ambientes de uso de um
Router:</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: PT"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Redes contendo mais de um tipo de LAN e
usando diferentes protocolos de rede.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Implementações onde a velocidade não seja
prioridade.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Os routers têm de tomar decisões por
software logo demoram mais tempo a decidir.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Um router é mais lento que uma
bridge.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Necessidade optimizar a carga para um
destino sobre várias ligações físicas.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Um router pode ser programado para usar
diferentes caminhos.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Existir conhecimento para operar um
router.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A rede é para ligar ao mundo exterior logo
é necessário levar em conta a segurança.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927044></A><A
name=_Toc467061661></A><A name=_Toc465685071></A><A name=_Toc465684692><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685071"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061661"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927044"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Wide Area Networks (WAN)</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A WAN é uma rede com LANs suficientemente
distantes para requerer uma ligação de telecomunicações entre elas. Geralmente a
velocidade da ligação de longa distancia á WAN é inferior á velocidade da
LAN.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc467061662></A><A
name=_Toc465685072></A><A name=_Toc465684693><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685072"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061662"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></A></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684693"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685072"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061662"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000><IMG height=132 src="cid:330120612@20112006-1212" width=178
border=0 v:shapes="_x0000_i1077"></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684693"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685072"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061662"><A
name=_Toc493927045><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3>Funções da
WAN</FONT></A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>A diferença entre a WAN e a LAN difere
apenas na área geográfica coberta.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000>Uma LAN pode ser ligado a uma rede de
telecomunicações através de um <B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">gateway
</B>router este dá algum nível de segurança ao sistema. Do outro lado da rede de
telecomunicações existe outro gateway.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc493927046></A><A
name=_Toc467061663></A><A name=_Toc465685073></A><A name=_Toc465684694><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685073"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061663"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc493927046"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Características de um WAN:</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></H2>
<P class=Blockquote
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4"><FONT
color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Capacidade de 64k ou N*64K (V.35), são as velocidades
mais comuns. <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=Blockquote
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5"><FONT
color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Cara para ligações de alta
velocidade<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=Blockquote
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6"><FONT
color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><FONT
face="Times New Roman">Permite que LANs geograficamente distantes comuniquem
como se fossem parte da mesma LAN.<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=Blockquote
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7"><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
size=3>1.</FONT><SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Permite a
partilha de software e hardware a longa distancia</SPAN><FONT size=3>.
</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"
align=center><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3><IMG
height=123 src="cid:330120612@20112006-1219" width=631 border=0
v:shapes="_x0000_i1078"></FONT></P><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always" clear=all></SPAN></B>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A name=_Toc467061664></A><A
name=_Toc465685074></A><A name=_Toc465684695></A><A name=_Toc493927047><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465684695"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc465685074"><SPAN
style="mso-bookmark: _Toc467061664"><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000
size=3>Meios de transmissão na WAN</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></H2>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt"><o:p><FONT
face="Times New Roman" color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000>A WAN emprega todos os meios disponíveis para transmissão a longa
distancia.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Ligações
Digitais<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN></B>Boa qualidade de transmissão. </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Fibra óptica</B>
<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 2">
</SPAN>Boa qualidade de transmissão, taxa de erros muito baixa e banda
elevada.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT color=#000000><FONT
face="Times New Roman"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Microondas <SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 2">
</SPAN></B>Grande largura de banda, fácil de instalar.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=Index style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=#000000> </FONT></o:p></P><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always; mso-special-character: line-break"
clear=all></SPAN> </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 56.6pt"><SPAN
class=330120612-20112006> </SPAN></H1>
<H1><FONT face=Verdana size=2><SPAN
class=691562415-16112006></SPAN></FONT> </H1><FONT face=Verdana
size=2><SPAN class=691562415-16112006></SPAN></FONT>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana size=2><SPAN class=691562415-16112006>Cordiais
cumprimentos -- CT2JHU</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana size=2><SPAN
class=691562415-16112006></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV align=left>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align=left><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><FONT size=2>Roland
Gomes<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><FONT size=1>Gestor de
Projectos/Consultor<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: gray; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><FONT
size=1><EM>OniTelecom/Infra-estruturas Cliente e Gestão de
Projecto<o:p></o:p></EM></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><A
href="http://www.oni.pt/"><SPAN style="COLOR: navy"><FONT
size=1></FONT></SPAN></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT></SPAN>
<P></P></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></BODY></HTML>