ARLA/CLUSTER: Short-Wave.INFO fundamental para quem escuta emissoras em Onda Curta

[João Costa > CT1FBF]

  What is Short-Wave.Info?Short-Wave.Info <http://www.short-wave.info/> is
a simple way in which to interrogate a database of all the short wave
broadcasts being transmitted by the majority of the world's international
radio stations. There are two ways in which this vast database of
frequencies can be queried:

   - you can select a language and/or a particular broadcaster; or
   - you can select a specific frequency.

In either case, our sophisticated search software will return a series of
results (unless, that is, there were no results matching your query). This
software is designed to allow listeners to quickly find the frequencies to
which to tune as well as permitting stations being received to be easily
identified. *Note:* You can click on any frequency, language or broadcaster
shown in the results of a search to begin a new search. Selection by
Language and/or BroadcasterWhere a language has been selected, all the
broadcasts on-air in that language will be shown. A list of the frequencies
used for these broadcasts along with the particular radio broadcasting
station concerned will be produced, and a map showing the location and
frequency of every transmitter on-air will also be produced. Similarly, if
a specific broadcaster has been selected, all transmissions on-air by that
broadcaster will be shown. Where both a language and a broadcaster are
selected, all the transmissions by that broadcaster, in that language, will
be listed, whether on-air or not. Any which are on-air at the selected time
are highlighted (in red) and a map of these transmissions is produced.
Selection
by FrequencyIf a frequency is selected, all broadcasts on that frequency
and (optionally) within plus or minus 10 kHz of that frequency will be
shown. Any on-air at the selected time will be highlighted and a map of
their location produced. Interpreting the ResultsYour search for short wave
broadcasters will result in a map showing the location of any stations on
air at the time you selected (normally 'now' but you can select your own
time - note that all times have to be in GMT/UTC). In addition, the results
will show a table like the one below.  Freq
â–¼<http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?feature=instructions#> Station
Start End Days Language Pwr Az Transmitter Site Lat/Long
Remarksâ—†<http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?feature=instructions#>
9430 <http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9430>
BBC<http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC> 18:00
21:00 1234567 English <http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English> 250 170
[image: G]WooffertonBearing: 262°
Distance: 1092km
<http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Woofferton> 52N19 002W43
[image: OFF_AIR]BBC b11 9460 <http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9460>
BBC<http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC> 03:00
04:00 1234567 English <http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English> 250 280
[image: SEY]MaheBearing: 153°
Distance: 7476km <http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Mahe>
04S35 055E28
[image: SIGNAL_STRENGTH_3]BBC b11 9490<http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9490>
BBC <http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC> 15:00 16:00 1234567
English<http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English> 100
15 [image: AFS]MeyertonBearing: 170°
Distance: 8909km
<http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Meyerton> 26S34 028E07
[image: OFF_AIR]BBC b11 9505 <http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9505>
BBC<http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC> 15:00
17:00 1234567 English <http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English>
300 97 [image:
CYP]LimassolBearing: 147°
Distance: 2527km
<http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Limassol> 34N43 033E19
[image: OFF_AIR]BBC b11 9505 <http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9505>
BBC<http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC> 17:00
18:30 1234567 English <http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English> 250 315
[image: SNG]KranjiBearing: 142°
Distance: 9904km <http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Kranji>
01N25 103E44
[image: OFF_AIR]BBC b11 9660 <http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9660>
BBC<http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC> 22:00
23:00 12345.. English <http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English>
10 10 [image:
AUS]BrandonBearing: 144°
Distance: 14625km
<http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Brandon> 19S30 147E20
[image: OFF_AIR]BBC b11 9915 <http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=9915>
BBC<http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC> 21:00
23:00 1234567 English <http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English>
250 65 [image:
ASC]AscensionBearing: 198°
Distance: 7215km
<http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Ascension> 07S54 014W22
[image: OFF_AIR]BBC b11 11760 <http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=11760>
BBC<http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC> 07:00
14:00 1234567 English <http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English> 250 320
[image: OMA]Al SeelaBearing: 142°
Distance: 5167km <http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Al
Seela> 21N57 059E27
[image: SIGNAL_STRENGTH_5]BBC b11 11895<http://www.short-wave.info/?freq=11895>
BBC <http://www.short-wave.info/?station=BBC> 09:00 10:00 1234567
English<http://www.short-wave.info/?language=English> 250
45 [image: THA]Nakhon SawanBearing: 141°
Distance: 8461km <http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?txsite=Nakhon
Sawan> 15N03 100E03
[image: OFF_AIR]BBC b11Frequencies which are currently on-air are
highlighted in red. If the frequency has a 'zig zag' behind it (as for 9460
kHz in the example above), this indicates that there is the possibility
that this transmission is being jammed and that reception may not be
possible. A signal strength bar shows on the right of the table if the
transmission is on-air, to indicate how likely it is that you can hear the
station. There are more details on how the signal strength indicator works
and what it means<http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?feature=signalstrength>.
Hints and TipsFrequencies above around 9 MHz (9000 kHz) will travel across
areas of daylight reasonably well. Frequencies below around 12 MHz (12000
kHz) will travel across areas of darkness well. (It therefore follows that
frequencies between about 9 and 12 MHz will travel across areas of both
darkness and daylight). The map produced by the software shows the location
of on-air transmitters and shades the parts of the earth currently in
daylight and darkness.

If the area in which you are located is currently in daylight, the best
reception is likely to be from transmitter sites which are also in daylight
and which are on frequencies over 9000 kHz. If you are in the area which is
currently in darkness, look for transmitters which are also darkness and
which are on frequencies below 12000 kHz. There is more information on how
short wave propagation
works<http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?feature=propagation>if you
want to understand this better.
ExamplesYou are having a friend from Turkey over to stay and want to let
them be able to listen to the news from home. One option would be to select
'Turkish <http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?language=Turkish>' as the
language from the pull-down menu and then click the 'GO' button. This will
provide you with a list of all broadcasts currently on-air in Turkish. If
you wanted to select a particular time, unclick the 'NOW' button and enter
a time (in GMT/UTC) into the boxed. Alternatively you might choose to
select 'Voice of
Turkey<http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?station=Voice+of+Turkey>'
from the station list. You could even do both and select 'Voice of Turkey'
and 'Turkish'<http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?station=Voice+of+Turkey&language=Turkish>-
this will show you a list of all the broadcasts from Voice of Turkey
in
Turkish, highlighting those currently on-air.

You are tuning around on your short-wave radio and hear a station on 9870
kHz. You then type '9870 <http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?freq=9870>'
into the frequency box and click the 'NOW' button. This will produce a list
of all the stations which broadcast on 9870 kHz or on frequencies within 10
kHz of it, and highlight those currently on-air. As long as you can
identify the language being broadcast, you can then find out what station
you are listening to! Bearing and
DistanceShort-Wave.Info<http://www.short-wave.info/>now provides
information on the distance and bearing that a short-wave
transmitter is from your location, as long as we can work out where you
are! Your location is initially provided by a service called
hostip.info<http://www.hostip.info/>.
If they can work out where you are, or someone else from your IP address
has registered a location, a green dot ([image: tiny green dot]) will
appear on the map of the world. If we have your IP address but can't work
out where you are, a red dot ([image: tiny red dot]) will be shown instead
(at 0 degrees East, 0 degrees North!) The hostip (and the short-wave.info)
database are not always correct or complete. If your location is either
wrong, or a red dot appears, you can correct the location. Just click on
the dot and drag it to the location on the world map that corresponds to
your location (note that this does work with tablet computers but is not as
smooth or reliable as with desktops). You will be given the option to
select this as your location. If you do, the short-wave.info IP look-up
database will be updated and next time you select a frequency or station,
the location shown will be that which you selected.

If your location can be ascertained, two pieces of additional information
will be provided. If you hold your mouse over the list of transmitter
sites, the bearing and distance (in kilometers) from you to the site in
question will be given. Try it on the examples above (note that this is
only an example, and the distances and bearings to the transmitter sites
are not accurate). Signal Strength IndicatorIf your location is known, you
will also notice that in the right hand column of the table is a signal
strength indicator. This goes from no bars (meaning the station is off-air)
to five bars. Given the vaguaries of short wave
propagation<http://www.short-wave.info/index.php?feature=propagation>no
system can be completely accurate, however a unique
short-wave.info algorithm has been used to try and give an indication of
the probability of being able to receive a particular transmission. The
different numbers of bars represent different probabilities of reception
which roughly translate as:
  [image: SIGNAL_STRENGTH_1] It is highly unlikely that you will be able to
receive this transmission. [image: SIGNAL_STRENGTH_2] In favourable
conditions, you may just be able to receive this transmission. [image:
SIGNAL_STRENGTH_3] Your chances of receiving this transmission are roughly
50:50. [image: SIGNAL_STRENGTH_4] There is a reasonable chance that you
will be able to receive this transmission. [image: SIGNAL_STRENGTH_5] Under
most conditions, you should be able to receive this transmission.
Obviously much depends upon the quality of your receiver and your aerial,
as well as whether you are listening in a noisy suburban area, or a quiet
rural area. It is also worth noting that no account is taken of whether or
not there may be interference on the same frequency. If another station is
broadcasting on the same frequency but with a higher probability of
reception, then the chances are you will hear that instead! How does it
work?[image: professor gerard pogorel]The algorithm which calculates your
chances of reception uses many factors to try and give a reasonable
estimate including:

   - the distance and bearing from you to the transmitter site and of the
   transmitter site to you;
   - the time of day at both your location and that of the transmitter;
   - the power of the transmitting station;
   - the type of transmitting antenna it is using; and
   - the frequency on which the station is transmitting.

All these factors are fused together in a complex calculation which models
the path between you and the station and the likely conditions to yield the
resulting probability. It is not 100% accurate (indeed if it's better than
50% then it's doing well!) but is at least useful in providing an
indication of whether or not a station might be audible. Changing The OrderBy
default, the results of a search are shown in ascending frequency order. It
is possible, however, to re-order the results. To the right of the 'Freq'
and 'Remarks' columns, a triangle (â–¼) or a diamond (â—†) symbol are shown.
Clicking on these will re-order the results. Clicking on the symbol next to
'Freq' will re-order the results in frequency order. Clicking it a second
time will re-order the results in reverse frequency order. Clicking on the
symbol next to 'Remarks' will re-order the results with the strongest
predicted signal first. And, of course, clicking it again will reverse the
direction. Please note that as the signal strength prediction algorithm is
not 100% accurate, sorting in signal strength order may equally not prove
100% accurate. AcknowledgementsWe are very grateful for the work of
Aoki<http://www.geocities.jp/binewsjp/>for compiling the database
which is used to generate the maps and lists on
this site. If you have any updated schedule information please contact Aoki
so that the database can be kept as accurate as possible. ContactIf you
have any comments about this web-site, please send an e-mail to
comments  short-wave.info.
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