ARLA/CLUSTER: Historia das mensagens enviadas a partir de uma rede de espionagem no Japão para os soviéticos via radio

[João Costa > CT1FBF]

 Chaos Computer Congress: World War II Hackers

In this video *Anja Drephal* describes a cipher used to encode messages
sent from a spy ring in Japan to the Soviets via ham radio

In the summer of 1938, the Japanese Secret Police started to notice
mysterious radio transmissions emanating from somewhere in the Tokyo area.
These transmissions, consisting of seemingly meaningless groups of digits,
seemed to be directed towards the Asian mainland; neither the Secret Police
nor the Japanese Communications Ministry and the Communications Bureau of
the Governor General of Korea were able to pinpoint the where and from more
precisely. It wasn't until 1941 that Japanese authorities uncovered the
full scope and meaning of these messages – by accident and at first
disbelieving what they had unearthed.

The seemingly gibberish radio transmissions did indeed emanate from the
heart of Tokyo and, as it turned out, were received in Vladivostok and
passed on to Moscow, to be presented to Stalin himself. Decrypted, they
contained vital information about secret German and Japanese plans, even
the date of the German invasion of the Soviet Union. This information had
been gathered by Richard Sorge, a German citizen with a colorful
personality who had infiltrated the small German community in Japan under
the guise of a journalist and even gained the friendship and trust of the
German ambassador, giving him access to any information available inside
the embassy of Japan's ally.

In Japan since 1933, Sorge had built a spy ring around a small group of
confidantes: a Japanese journalist with connections to powerful Japanese
political circles, a French-Yugoslav communist, and a German radio
technician, Max Clausen.

Clausen's technical knowledge proved vital for the group's success: he was
able to build a transmitter and receiver capable of reaching up to 4,000 km
from scratch, using parts available in Tokyo shops without raising
suspicion. His radio station was fully portable in a large briefcase and
assembled in under 10 minutes.

The dispatches transmitted to the Soviet Union by Sorge's group were
written in English and then converted into digits using a straddling
checkerboard and, to scramble the content even more, a book cipher, using
pages from a statistical yearbook as the key. The Japanese authorities were
not able to decipher the messages, Sorge's encryption method remained
unbroken until Max Clausen explained it himself after his arrest in 1941.

The historical importance of Sorge's espionage material remains a
controversial issue among historians; some call him the greatest spy of all
times, some argue that since Stalin did not trust his information, Sorge
had little influence on the outcome of World War II. Instead of trying to
settle this argument, my talk will examine the technical aspects of Sorge's
work in Japan: I will describe the DIY radio station used to wirelessly
transmit his dispatches over thousands of kilometers and show how these
dispatches were manually encrypted using nothing but a pen, paper, and a
book – suggesting that this method is still valid today, offering low-tech
ways of concealing information, be it private or politically delicate
material.

Watch 30c3: World War II Hackers



The 30th Chaos Computer Congress is taking place December 27-30, 2013 at
the Congress Center Hamburg.
https://events.ccc.de/congress/2013/wiki/Main_Page


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